Climate windows of opportunity for plant expansion during the Phanerozoic

Plants are likely to have had a profound influence on Earth’s long-term climate through their role in drawing down CO2 and emitting O2 into the atmosphere and their interactions with soils and minerals. Local climatic factors, including water availability, light, and temperature, play a key role in plant physiology and growth and have fluctuated substantially over geological time. However, the impact of these key climate variables on global plant biomass across the Phanerozoic have not yet been established.

THE GLOBALIZATION OF CHINA'S COAL INDUSTRY: THE ROLE OF DEVELOPMENT BANKS

This article examines the political economy of Chinese overseas development finance for coal fired power plants. In just over a decade China's two major policy banks provide more financing for overseas coal-fired power plant expansion than any other public financier in the world economy. We show how China's overseas surge in public financing for coal fired power plants is a function of a number of domestic push and foreign pull factors. Excess capacity, environmental regulation, and structural change are push factors that converge with rising demand for energy, pockets of coal abundance, and the lack of financing in Western capital markets for coal fired power plants. Fragmentation across the Chinese system and the demand for coal outside China's borders allow for a decline sector on the mainland to become a global Chinese powerhouse.

The different characteristics of real options in contracts of wind power in Brazil

This paper investigates the existence of uncertainties in different wind power commercialization contracts in Brazil and their correlation with the Real Options associated with unmitigated risks in the Back up Energy and New Energy contracts. From a documentary review of existing contracts from 2009 to 2018, it was found that the Real Options on New Energy contracts are more susceptible to market uncertainties related to energy price in the short-term market. The Real Options associated with risks not mitigated in Back up Energy contracts are more linked to uncertainties regarding the power generation efficiency and the project plant expansion capacity in order to generate the anticipation of its supply.

Group of Butchers plant Expansion

Das holländische Fleischwarenunternehmen Group of Butchers will seine Wachstumsgeschichte fortschreiben und strebt deshalb weitere Akquisitionen und Fusionen im Heimatland und in Belgien an. Auch in Deutschland sind Übernahmen geplant.