Justification of the use of square pipes in the frame of the removable roof of the open wagon

This paper reports determining the basic strength indicators for the removable roof of a railroad gondola. It has been established that the typical roof design has a significant margin of safety in the components of the supporting structure. In order to reduce the roof material intensity, the reserves of its strength have been determined and optimized based on the criterion for minimal material intensity. Pipes of square cross-section have been proposed for using as the components of the roof frame. When taking into consideration the proposed measures, it becomes possible to reduce the mass of the frame of the removable roof for a railroad gondola by almost 15 % compared to the typical design. At the same time, to apply the roof on different types of gondolas, its cantilevered parts can move in a longitudinal plane. It is possible to use deflectors on the removable roof. The roof can be attached to the body in a regular way. It is also possible to fix it using shog-connections. To substantiate the proposed solution, the strength of the improved structure of the removable roof was determined. It was established that the maximum equivalent stresses in the load-bearing structure of the removable roof did not exceed permissible ones. To define the indicators of removable roof dynamics, its dynamic loading was investigated. The calculation was performed in a flat coordinate system. The oscillations in bouncing and galloping were taken into consideration as the most common types of a railroad car oscillations when running on a rail track. The mathematical model of dynamic loading was solved in the Mathcad software package (Boston, USA). The study has shown that the acceleration of the body in the center of masses is 0.4 g and is within the permissible limits. At the same time, the ride of a railroad car is excellent. The study reported here would contribute to the improvement of the efficiency of railroad transportation.

Material Dissolve: A Poetics Of Spatial Encounters

We are increasingly alienated from the direct sensual and intellectual encounter of space, in an epoch that gradually supplements direct spatial experience with mediated digital experience. This research reprises aspects of Phenomenology. In opposition to Phenomenology’s proponents like Zumthor—that seek to reassert the bodily presence of architecture through a kind of hypermateriality that asserts a material intensity, this thesis investigates a methodology to re-engage humans with physical spatial experience through the de-materialization of the wall. Distinct from the history of Modernist explorations of absolute transparency, and material lightness, this investigation is more akin to what Kengo Kuma calls “ Thesis Statement A spatial poetic can be created through the fusion of light and time with matter. The architectural experience is one where bodies are sensorially and intellectually engaged in moving through a series of articulated spaces. The orchestration of this movement between a series of semi-solid “walls” creates an environment of heightened sensory awareness where boundaries blur between constantly oscillating states of opacity and transparency created by the path of the user. Through literary research, precedent analysis, and a design project that explores and tests these ideas, this thesis asserts the creation of a poetics of space through this new approach to material presence, and its experience as part of a narrative sequence of encounter.

Material Dissolve: A Poetics Of Spatial Encounters

We are increasingly alienated from the direct sensual and intellectual encounter of space, in an epoch that gradually supplements direct spatial experience with mediated digital experience. This research reprises aspects of Phenomenology. In opposition to Phenomenology’s proponents like Zumthor—that seek to reassert the bodily presence of architecture through a kind of hypermateriality that asserts a material intensity, this thesis investigates a methodology to re-engage humans with physical spatial experience through the de-materialization of the wall. Distinct from the history of Modernist explorations of absolute transparency, and material lightness, this investigation is more akin to what Kengo Kuma calls “ Thesis Statement A spatial poetic can be created through the fusion of light and time with matter. The architectural experience is one where bodies are sensorially and intellectually engaged in moving through a series of articulated spaces. The orchestration of this movement between a series of semi-solid “walls” creates an environment of heightened sensory awareness where boundaries blur between constantly oscillating states of opacity and transparency created by the path of the user. Through literary research, precedent analysis, and a design project that explores and tests these ideas, this thesis asserts the creation of a poetics of space through this new approach to material presence, and its experience as part of a narrative sequence of encounter.

ASSESSING THE FEASIBILITY OF TECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT FOR PROCESSING CYLINDER LINERS

The production of high-quality repaired engines is possible only with the right selection of technological equipment. The issues of the processing quality on honing machines rank first in the repair production, since the reliability of engines depends on the processing quality of cylinder liners. It is revealed that for a clear understanding of the feasibility of using old and choosing new technological equipment, it is necessary to evaluate it from the standpoint of an integral quality indicator. As a basic model for assessing the quality of technological equipment, use is made of the cost method. According to it, the cost index of quality as the value inverse to the integral indicator of product quality is formed for evaluating machines. It is determined by the value of the unit cost of processing one part calculated in cost form by groups of resource intensity indicators multiplied by the corresponding resource prices. Each cost group is the product of the resource price by its specific consumption in physical terms, resulting in a cost index of quality. For honing machines used for processing cylinder liners, a relationship was determined to analyze the cost index of quality. This index includes four basic elements – the indicators of material intensity, labor intensity, energy intensity of machinery and the material intensity of the inputs used in the technological process. The evaluation of the quality of machines has revealed that purchasing new equipment is economically feasible as technical and economic level of new machines exceeds the base level due to increased productivity, reduced energy consumption and unit cost. It is most advisable to use the ROBBI SET150-L machine (Italy) from among the new ones, since its integral quality indicator is significantly higher than its analogues. From among the old ones, NAGEL VS8-50 (Germany) should be recommended, while domestic machines should be replaced due to their low efficiency.

The Nature of Lean Manufacturing of Information Economic Products

In this article a research of the nature of modern enterprises development is presented, characterized by moving from material-based to information-based economic products. It was discovered that economically developed enterprises have almost exhausted their potential for further growth due to organizational improvements, previously affecting mainly the material part of the economic product. Therefore, studies on improving the efficiency of the production organization of information economic products are becoming more and more relevant.Purpose: the main purpose of this research is to develop extended principles of lean manufacturing of information economic products. To achieve this goal following tasks were resolved: material intensity analysis was implemented, the structure of information economic product (IEP) was examined, traditional principles of lean manufacturing were reviewed and expanded for information economic product creation.The object of the research are modern industrial enterprises that apply the concept of lean manufacturing or similar. The subject of the research are the principles of lean manufacturing for creating an information economic product.Methods: the time series extrapolation method and the empirical analysis method were used to calculate the material intensity index of products. Abstract and comparative analysis methods were applied to develop the extended principles of IEP lean manufacturing. In addition, methods of analysis and synthesis, the historical method, as well as elements of factor analysis were used for the study.Results: the material and information structure of the economic product is considered and proposed. The nature of the dynamics of its changes in the process of changing the stages of technological and economic development of scientific and technological progress is justified, which allowed us to argue the vector of changes in the structure of costs for creating a modern material product in terms of increasing information and reducing material components. The constantly rising costs of creating information increasingly characterize it as a market product that has its own cost structure, which gave reason to classify it as an information economic product (IEP). In this regard, the structure of the information economic product was studied and developed, based on the analysis of the term of "information" both from the perspective of the organization and operational management and from the perspective of related branches of knowledge. As a result of the comparative analysis, extended principles of IEP lean manufacturing were developed.Conclusions and Relevance: the analysis of the material intensity index revealed a tendency to a continuous decrease in the material intensity of the economic product and an increase in the information component. As a result of the study of the structure of the information economic product, it was revealed that the potential for increasing the economic efficiency of modern industrial enterprises is primarily laid in improving logical data processing. It is proposed to achieve this by using the developed extended principles of IEP lean manufacturing, among which the main one is the principle of intellectual and creative reciprocity.