scholarly journals Justification of the use of square pipes in the frame of the removable roof of the open wagon

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (7(112)) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
Oleksij Fomin ◽  
Alyona Lovska
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Loading ◽  
The Body ◽  
Roof Material ◽  
Margin Of Safety ◽  
Material Intensity ◽  
Mathcad Software ◽  
Roof Design ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Typical Design ◽  
Bearing Structure

This paper reports determining the basic strength indicators for the removable roof of a railroad gondola. It has been established that the typical roof design has a significant margin of safety in the components of the supporting structure. In order to reduce the roof material intensity, the reserves of its strength have been determined and optimized based on the criterion for minimal material intensity. Pipes of square cross-section have been proposed for using as the components of the roof frame. When taking into consideration the proposed measures, it becomes possible to reduce the mass of the frame of the removable roof for a railroad gondola by almost 15 % compared to the typical design. At the same time, to apply the roof on different types of gondolas, its cantilevered parts can move in a longitudinal plane. It is possible to use deflectors on the removable roof. The roof can be attached to the body in a regular way. It is also possible to fix it using shog-connections. To substantiate the proposed solution, the strength of the improved structure of the removable roof was determined. It was established that the maximum equivalent stresses in the load-bearing structure of the removable roof did not exceed permissible ones. To define the indicators of removable roof dynamics, its dynamic loading was investigated. The calculation was performed in a flat coordinate system. The oscillations in bouncing and galloping were taken into consideration as the most common types of a railroad car oscillations when running on a rail track. The mathematical model of dynamic loading was solved in the Mathcad software package (Boston, USA). The study has shown that the acceleration of the body in the center of masses is 0.4 g and is within the permissible limits. At the same time, the ride of a railroad car is excellent. The study reported here would contribute to the improvement of the efficiency of railroad transportation.

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE DYNAMIC LOADING OF THE LOAD-BEARING STRUCTURE OF A FLAT WAGON DURING TRANSPORTATION BY SEA

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Oleksij Fomin ◽  
Alyona Lovska ◽  
Oleksandr Safronov ◽  
Olena Soroka
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Dynamic Loading ◽  
Software Package ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Standard Size ◽  
Supporting Structure ◽  
Mathematical And Computer Simulation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Mathcad Software ◽  
The Mathematical Model

To increase the efficiency of combined transportation, the supporting structure of flat wagon has been created. A feature of the wagon is that the sections have a low center of gravity. This solution allows for the transportation of oversized cargo on a flat wagon within the established dimensions. The design of this flat wagon can be used for the carriage of goods not only by main lines, but also in rail and water traffic when transported by rail ferries. To ensure the safety of transportation of a flat wagon with containers on a railway ferry, their dynamic loading was determined. It is taken into account that a large-capacity container of 1AA standard size is placed on each section. The solution of the mathematical model was carried out in the MathCad software package. The resulting accelerations, as components of the dynamic load, were taken into account when determining the stability of a container on a flat wagon during transportation by a rail ferry. It was found that the stability of the container is ensured at tilt angles up to 25°. A computer simulation of the dynamic loading of the supporting structure of an articulated flat wagon with containers during transportation by a railway ferry has been carried out. The calculation is implemented in the CosmosWorks software package using the finite element method. The fields of distribution of accelerations relative to the supporting structure of the flat wagon and containers are determined. The maximum percentage of discrepancy between the results of mathematical and computer simulation does not exceed 11 %. The research carried out will contribute to the creation of innovative designs of flat wagons, as well as to increase the efficiency of the operation of combined transport in international traffic

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF THE DYNAMIC LOADING OF A BODY OF PASSENGER CARS DURING TRANSPORTATION BY RAIL FERRY

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyona Lovska ◽  
Oleksij Fomin ◽  
Anatoliy Horban ◽  
Valentyna Radkevych ◽  
Pavel Skok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Loading ◽  
Water Area ◽  
The Body ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Software Environment ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Car Body ◽  
Runge Kutta Method ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Mathcad Software

To ensure the safety of passenger carriages by rail ferries, mathematical modeling of dynamic loading is performed. The accelerations are determined as components of the dynamic load acting on the body of a passenger car. This takes into account the actual hydrometeorological characteristics of the water area of the railway ferry. The calculations are made in relation to the railway ferry "Mukran", which moves the Baltic Sea. The model takes into account that the car body is rigidly fixed relative to the deck and during the oscillations of the railway ferry follows the trajectory of its movement. The solution of the mathematical model is implemented in the Mathcad software environment using the Runge-Kutta method. It is established that the maximum value of the acceleration acting on the car body is 1.8 m/s2. Determination of the dynamic loading of the passenger car body during transportation by sea is also carried out by computer simulation. The calculations were carried out in the CosmosWorks software package using the finite element method. Numerical values and acceleration distribution fields are obtained relative to the carriage body structure of a passenger car. A modal analysis of the car body during transportation by rail ferry is carried out. The numerical values of the critical frequencies and waveforms are obtained. To check the adequacy of the developed models, a calculation is made according to the Fisher criterion. It is established that the hypothesis of adequacy is not rejected. The research will contribute to the creation of recommendations on the safety of passenger carriages by railway ferries, as well as the manufacture of their modern structures in terms of car-building enterprises.

scholarly journals The Dynamic and Strength Analysis of an Articulated Covered Wagon with the Circular Pipe Design

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1398
Author(s):  
Oleksij Fomin ◽  
Alyona Lovska ◽  
Juraj Gerlici ◽  
Yuliia Fomina ◽  
Ján Dižo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Loading ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Weld Strength ◽  
Strength Analysis ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Circular Pipes ◽  
Loaded Part ◽  
Bearing Structure

An articulated covered wagon design was developed. The wagon feature is that the body-bearing elements are made of circular pipes. This technical solution made it possible to reduce the tare weight of the wagon while ensuring the strength conditions. Mathematical simulation of the dynamic loading of the developed articulated covered wagon design was carried out under the main operating conditions. In the calculations of the observed quantities, an application of symmetry with regard to the longitudinal axis of the wagon was used. The accelerations, as the components of the dynamic load acting on the wagon, were determined. The dynamic loading computer simulation results of the developed wagon design are also presented. The strength analysis of the articulated covered wagon supporting structure made it possible to conclude that the strength indexes were within the allowed limits. The wagon bearing structure was analyzed for fatigue strength. The weld strength analysis results of the most loaded part of the wagon-bearing structure are presented. The results obtained for the desired quantities revealed their symmetrical distribution in the wagon structure. This research will contribute to improving the efficiency of railway transport operation.

scholarly journals Determination of the Vertical Load on the Carrying Structure of a Flat Wagon with the 18–100 and Y25 Bogies

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4130
Author(s):  
Oleksij Fomin ◽  
Alyona Lovska ◽  
Václav Píštěk ◽  
Pavel Kučera
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Dynamic Load ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Vertical Load ◽  
Mathcad Software ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The study deals with determination of the vertical load on the carrying structure of a flat wagon on the 18–100 and Y25 bogies using mathematic modelling. The study was made for an empty wagon passing over a joint irregularity. The authors calculated the carrying structure of a flat wagon with the designed parameters and the actual features recorded during field tests. The mathematical model was solved in MathCad software. The study found that application of the Y25 bogie for a flat wagon with the designed parameters can decrease the dynamic load by 41.1% in comparison to that with the 18–100 bogie. Therefore, application of the Y25 bogie under a flat wagon with the actual parameters allows decreasing the dynamic loading by 41.4% in comparison to that with the 18–100 bogie. The study also looks at the service life of the supporting structure of a flat wagon with the Y25 bogie, which can be more than twice as long as the 18–100 bogie. The research can be of interest for specialists concerned with improvements in the dynamic characteristics and the fatigue strength of freight cars, safe rail operation, freight security, and the results of the research can be used for development of innovative wagon structures.

Impact of Electric Vehicle Lateral Dynamics on the Battery Pack

2014 ◽  
Vol 590 ◽  
pp. 451-457
Author(s):  
Sen Nan Song ◽  
Fa Chao Jiang ◽  
Hong Shi
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Angular Acceleration ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
The Body ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Rolling Motion ◽  
Rolling Angle ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The present work is concerned with the rolling motion of the battery pack when EV travelling on the road. First McPherson suspension system was regarded as the research object with detailed analysis of its structural features and motion characteristics. Establish the mathematical model which could apply to calculating the rolling motion of the vehicle body. Through MATLAB/Simulink simulation software, we could calculate the rolling angle on passive suspension. On this basis, assume that the battery pack mounted on the vehicle body and make it passive connection and PID connection. When the body rolls, the battery pack will produce a certain angle then. Next establish the mathematical model to summarize the relationship between the two variables. Then we set the parameters and calculate the roll angle of battery pack in both cases for comparison. Simulation results show that road irregularities will make battery rotate an angle and PID controller can effectively reduce the angle, especially angular acceleration. This paper put forward a new idea that battery is connected with body by active control on EV, and proves the superiority in reducing the rolling angle.

Simulation of cancer treatment using the MATLAB SimBiology application

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
Anastasia Goncharova ◽  
Maria Vil'
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Interference Competition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
Constant Concentration ◽  
Application Package ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Cancerous Cells

The paper presents the implementation of the mathematical model of cancer taking into account interference competition and the model of continuous treatment with a constant concentration of the drug in the patient's blood. The implementation was carried out using the MATLAB SimBiology application package. The principle of implementation of different stages of the course of the disease within the framework of one model is described. On the basis of the constructed models and SimBiology tools, a modification was carried out that implements the discrete administration of doses of the drug in courses and takes into account its dynamics in the body, taking into account the assumption that the drug is consumed only to suppress cancerous cells.

scholarly journals Research of the strength of the bearing structure of the flat wagon body from round pipes during transportation on the railway ferry

2018 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 00003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksij Fomin ◽  
Juraj Gerlici ◽  
Alyona Lovskaya ◽  
Kateryna Kravchenko ◽  
Pavlo Prokopenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
Dynamic Loading ◽  
Cyclic Loads ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Bearing Structure ◽  
Element Method

The dynamic loading of the bearing structure of the flat wagon from round pipes was investigated during transportation on the railway ferry. The main types of movements of the railway ferry with wagons located on its decks are taken into account. The research has been carried out on the strength of the bearing structure of the flat wagon by the finite element method. The coefficient of the reserve for the fatigue strength of the bearing structure is calculated, taking into account the action of cyclic loads in the conditions of sea disturbance.

On the instability of ventilated cavities

1966 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Fluctuations ◽  
Unsteady Motion ◽  
Cavitation Number ◽  
The Body ◽  
Supply Rate ◽  
Velocity Fluctuations ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Resonance Frequencies ◽  
Axis Of Symmetry ◽  
The Mathematical Model

It has been found that ventilated cavities extending behind hydrofoils, plates, and other two-dimensional bodies, oscillate when the air supply rate is sufficient to reduce the cavitation number to about one-fifth of its natural value. As the rate increases further, higher modes of oscillation occur in which the cavity–water interface supports several waves that are convected downstream towards the wake, which, owing to a pinching-off action replacing the usual entrainment sink, consists of a sequence of large bubbles drifting downstream. A theory of such flows that allows both for the convected velocity fluctuations in the cavity, and for the transport of bubble volume down the wake, is given in this paper. Coupled with a rather simple phenomenological relation between the pressure fluctuations within the cavity and the departure of the pinched-off rear portion of the cavity—explained in terms of the action of the re-entrant jet—this theory successfully predicts the resonance frequencies obtained in experiments by Silberman & Song.The theory also provides a solution of the more general problem of determining the fluctuations in the pressure distribution over the whole surface of the body, when it is in a prescribed unsteady motion along its axis of symmetry (the theory is confined to symmetrical bodies and flows). Thus the growth in drag due to a sudden increment in the upstream velocity can be predicted, and also the damping forces acting on the body when it is forced to oscillate at a given frequency. It is shown that in all cases the body is unstable.One important feature of the mathematical model chosen is that it completely avoids the presence of a time-dependent sink at infinity—with its associated infinite pressures—by conserving total volume of wake and cavity in just the same way as vorticity is conserved in unsteady aerofoil theory.

The Effect of Static and Dynamic Loading on Degradation of PLLA Stent Fibers

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danika Hayman ◽  
Christie Bergerson ◽  
Samantha Miller ◽  
Michael Moreno ◽  
James E. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Loading ◽  
Biodegradable Polymer ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Polymer Degradation ◽  
Tensile Loading ◽  
The Body ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Plla Stent ◽  
Static And Dynamic Loading ◽  
Degree Of Degradation

PLLA is a commonly used biodegradable polymer in stent designs because it is non-toxic and easily eliminated from the body. However, very little is known about the effect of loading conditions on the degradation rate. Rajagopal and Wineman developed a model of polymer degradation which is driven by load applied to the fiber [1]. Soares et. al. further developed this model for use with PLLA stent fibers under tensile loading conditions [2]. In this model the degradation rate is linearly related to deformation through the radius in the (IB, IIB) plane. Both models predict that greater deformation will induce a higher degree of degradation.

A Theoretical Investigation into Phase Change Clothing Benefits for Firefighters under Extreme Conditions

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffry N. Mercer ◽  
Harvinder S Sidhu
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Protective Clothing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Heat Absorption ◽  
Fire Exposure ◽  
Subcutaneous Layer ◽  
The Mathematical Model

We investigate the thermal performance of protective clothing that has an embedded phase change layer. Heat absorption due to phase change within the material is used to limit the thermal penetration of heat into the material and hence to the firefighter. The distribution of temperature within the fabric and skin during the exposure to an extreme firefighting situation is determined. To determine the protective nature of the clothing, we also include a model of the skin as three layers with differing thermal properties namely the epidermis, dermis and the subcutaneous layer. In our model, we have also incorporated the air gap between the garment and the body. The mathematical model is used to predict the duration of fire exposure during which the garment is able to protect the firefighter from getting first and second degree burns.

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