Perspective Design of Algae Photobioreactor for Greenhouses—A Comparative Study

The continued growth and evolving lifestyles of the human population require the urgent development of sustainable production in all its aspects. Microalgae have the potential of the sustainable production of various commodities; however, the energetic requirements of algae cultivation still largely contribute to the overall negative balance of many operation plants. Here, we evaluate energetic efficiency of biomass and lipids production by Chlorella pyrenoidosa in multi-tubular, helical-tubular, and flat-panel airlift pilot scale photobioreactors, placed in an indoor environment of greenhouse laboratory in Central Europe. Our results show that the main energy consumption was related to the maintenance of constant light intensity in the flat-panel photobioreactor and the culture circulation in the helical-tubular photobioreactor. The specific power input ranged between 0.79 W L−1 in the multi-tubular photobioreactor and 6.8 W L−1 in the flat-panel photobioreactor. The construction of multi-tubular photobioreactor allowed for the lowest energy requirements but also predetermined the highest temperature sensitivity and led to a significant reduction of Chlorella productivity in extraordinary warm summers 2018 and 2019. To meet the requirements of sustainable yearlong microalgal production in the context of global change, further development towards hybrid microalgal cultivation systems, combining the advantages of open and closed systems, can be expected.

Build Strategy and Impact Strength of SLM Produced Maraging Steel (1.2709)

The current paper aimed to study the impact properties of additively manufactured maraging steel (1.2709) using laser powder bed fusion (PBF-L) processing. The specimens were fabricated using 3D Systems ProX 300 equipment under constant specific power input, or Andrew number. The interactions between the build strategy and parameters such as hatch spacing and scan speed was, and the impact strength and fracture were investigated. The impact energy anisotropy was also investigated in parallel and perpendicular to the build direction. Instrumented impact testing was performed, and the fractography supported that the fusion zone geometry dictated the fracture behavior. The influence from gaseous elements such as nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen was found insignificant at the levels found in the printed material.

Build Strategy and Impact Strength of SLM Produced Maraging Steel (1.2709)

The current paper aims to study the impact properties of additively manufactured Maraging steel (1.2709) using laser powder bed fusion (PBF-L) processing. The specimens were manufactured using 3Dsystems ProX 300 equipment under constant specific power input, or Andrew Number. The interactions between the build strategy and parameters, such as Hatch spacing and Scan speed was, and the impact strength and fracture were investigated. The Impact energy anisotropy was also investigated parallel and perpendicular to the build direction. Instrumented impact testing was performed, and the fractography supported that the fusion zone geometry dictated the fracture behaviour. The influence from gaseous elements such as Nitrogen, Oxygen and Hydrogen was found insignificant at the levels found in the printed material.

Forced Convection upon Heat Sink of AL-Cu for Design Optimization by Experimental and CFD Analysis for Cooling of ICs in CPU

A heat sink device is used with specific power input at 100V and 20W by the heater attached at the base plate of copper and then obtaining the average temperature of Heat sink by the help of 10 thermocouples .Two specimens of heat sinks were designed and were tested for mass flow rate and heat transfer coefficient. With base of 1.5mm&2.5mmtip thickness and another specimen with dimensions as tip0.5mm and1.00mmbase thickness are used By experimenting and CFD simulations,optimization of heat sink design was done.Then correlation and Validation foe both the specimen was done and were found satisfactory results.

Forced Convection upon Heat Sink of AL-Cu for Design Optimization by Experimental and CFD Analysis for cooling of ICs in CPU.

A heat sink device is used with specific power input at 100V and 20W by the heater attached at the base plate of copper and then obtaining the average temperature of Heat sink by the help of 10 thermocouples .Two specimens of heat sinks were designed and were tested for mass flow rate and heat transfer coefficient. With base of 1.5mm&2.5mmtip thickness and another specimen with dimensions as tip0.5mm and1.00mmbase thickness are used By experimenting and CFD simulations,optimization of heat sink design was done.Then correlation and Validation foe both the specimen was done and were found satisfactory results.

Microstructural and Tribological Characteristics of Air Plasma Sprayed Alumina-Titania Coatings

Thermally sprayed coatings from nanostructured agglomerated ceramic powders have received considerable attention in recent past due to their improved performance over corresponding coatings from conventional powders. When complete melting of a fraction of agglomerated particles is prevented, unmelted and partially melted (PM) particles appear as inclusions within the fully melted matrix resulting in a bi-modal coating microstructure. In addition to uniform mixing of constituents, the enhanced performance of nanostructured coatings has also been attributed to above described bi-modal nature of the microstructure. Interestingly, even though nitrogen is cheaper and more widely available than argon, essentially all earlier works on plasma spraying of nanostructured coatings use argon as the primary plasma gas. In this chapter, the effect of critical plasma spray parameter (CPSP), which controls the specific power input to the plasma gas, on microstructural and wear characteristics of conventional and nanostructured alumina-titania (Al2O3-13wt%TiO2) coatings is studied systematically.

The Experiment Study on the Void Fraction in PPG Solution

Using the three-layer impellers with big size diameter in an unbaffled elliptic bottom stirred tank，the gas holdup (ε) was studied in the systems of air-polyether polyol (PPG). The results indicate that the gas holdup in the air-PPG system is higher, it increase with the superficial gas phase velocity (Vs) and specific power input (Pm) increase, and decrease as the temperature increase. The influence is severely when the temperature is below 100°C, and is weak above 100 °C.The conclusions give reference for choosing the operation parameter and designing and scale-up of PPG polymerization reactor.