Advanced Operating Technique for Centralized and Decentralized Reservoirs Based on Flood Forecasting to Increase System Resilience in Urban Watersheds

The frequency of inundation in urban watersheds has increased, and structural measures have been conducted to prevent flood damage. The current non-structural measures for complementing structural measures are mostly independent non-structural measures. Unlike the current non-structural measures, the new operating technique based on flood forecasting is a real-time mixed measure, which means the combination of different non-structural measures. Artificial rainfall events based on the Huff distribution were used to generate preliminary and dangerous thresholds of flood forecasting. The new operation for centralized and decentralized reservoirs was conducted by two thresholds. The new operation showed good performance in terms of flooding and resilience based on historical rainfall events in 2010 and 2011. The flooding volume in the new operation decreased from 6617 to 3368 m3 compared to the current operation in 2010, and the flooding volume in 2011 decreased from 664 to 490 m3. In the 2010 event, the results of resilience were 0.831835 and 0.866566 in current and new operations, respectively. The result of resilience increased from 0.988823 to 0.993029 in the 2011 event. This suggestion can be applied to operating facilities in urban drainage systems and might provide a standard for the design process of urban drainage facilities.

The Long-Term Impact of a Short-Term Study Abroad Program: Perspectives on Global Citizenship

This paper explores the long-term impact of a short-term study abroad program on alumni of the program years after having taken the course. Through using a mixed measure survey, the data reveals that short-term study abroad programs can have a significant and direct impact on the lives of alumni. The specific program considered has impacted alumni choices of international tourist destinations, activities alumni participate in while traveling abroad, as well as the choices alumni make concerning lodging while traveling abroad. In short, after participating in a short-term study abroad program, alumni have developed a global citizenship identity.

FIRM INNOVATIVENESS — THE SUFFICIENT CONDITION FOR BUSINESS SUCCESS? EXAMINING ANTECEDENTS OF FIRM INNOVATIVENESS AND HOW IT AFFECTS BUSINESS SUCCESS

The continuous development and introduction of new products has been addressed by companies of all industries through continuously high investments to foster a firm's ability to successfully develop and introduce innovations and new technologies (firm innovativeness). However, it still lacks empirical evidence about the direct antecedents of firm innovativeness and how this ability contributes to firm success. Moreover, previous literature often restricts the operationalisation of firm innovativeness to quantitative indicators, like the number of patents a company possesses, as its sole indicator. The present paper tries to close this gap by measuring effects of firm innovativeness on business success using a mixed measure of patent counts and patent citations thereby accounting for not only quantitative but also qualitative requirements. Furthermore our study is the first to determine the relative effect of R&D intensity and innovation experience as direct antecedents of firm innovativeness. We use secondary data from 246 Fortune 500 and S&P 500 to test our model. The model results show that our combined measure clearly captures firm innovativeness and represent a good predictor of business success. Moreover, our results point out that firm innovativeness is primarily influenced by R&D intensity. Also notably, our results confirm the often questioned statement that smaller firms are indeed better to translate innovativeness into business success.