THERMODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ACID-CORE REACTIONS INTERACTIONS IN THE WATER SOLUTION PIRIDOXAL-5'-PHOSPHATE

As the object of the study, we selected 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-(phosphonic) methyl-4-pyridincarboxaldehyde (pyridoxal-5'-phosphate) which is one of the most important biologically active compounds. Direct calorimetric method was used to measure the thermal effects of interaction of the solution of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate with solutions of nitric acid and potassium hydroxide at 298.15K and ionic strength values of 0.5; 1.0 and 1.5 against the background of electrolyte-supporting potassium nitrate. The measurements were carried out in a calorimeter with an isothermal shell equipped with a 60 cm3 reaction vessel and electric calibration at T = 298.15K ± 0.01 К and P = 100.5± 0.7 kPa and automatic recording of the temperature-time curve. Relative measurement error for heats of dissolution of a standard substance was -0.1-0.3%. Close values of constant sequencing of pyridosal-5'-phosphate do not allow to distinguish such an area of pH where only one of the processes of step dissociation would occur. In this regard the total thermal effect of protonation of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate would be measured. Calculation of the equilibrium composition of the system took into account processes step dissociation and water dissociation was carried out according to the KEV program. The thermal effects of stepwise dissociation of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate are calculated using the universal HEAT program. Because, the thermal effects of dilution were measured in three concentration ranges of KNO3: 0.4-0.5;0.9-1.0; 1.4-1.5 mol /l, the number of experiments in each series was at least four. To calculate the confidence interval of the average value of DН Student's criterion was taken at a confidence interval of 0.95 The standard thermal effects of stepwise ionization of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate were found by extrapolation of experimentally obtained amounts of piridoxyxal-5'-phosphate to zero ion force of the solution.

Structural changes in equimolar ceria–hafnia materials under solar thermochemical looping conditions: cation ordering, formation and stability of the pyrochlore structure

Equimolar ceria–hafnia oxides form a pyrochlore Ce2Hf2O7 under the reducing conditions of a solar thermochemical looping reactor for the two-step dissociation of water or carbon dioxide.

Spiral Step Dissociation on PVT Grown SiC Crystals

Under specific and reproducible conditions we observed that the top bilayer of a spiral step can detach from the remaining bunched step. This dissociated bilayer is located in the middle of a terrace. In this work we detail the parameters for which the spiral step dissociation appears. Furthermore the possible origins of this effect and the reasons why the dissociated step is located in the center of a terrace are discussed.