Invisible gorillas in the mind: Internal inattentional blindness and the prospect of introspection training

Much of high-level cognition appears inaccessible to consciousness. Countless studies have revealed mental processes -- like those underlying our choices, beliefs, judgments, intuitions, etc. -- which people do not notice or report, and these findings have had a widespread influence on the theory and application of psychological science. However, the interpretation of these findings is uncertain. Making an analogy to perceptual consciousness research, I argue that much of the unconsciousness of high-level cognition is plausibly due to internal inattentional blindness: missing an otherwise consciously-accessible internal event because your attention was elsewhere. In other words, rather than being structurally unconscious, many higher mental processes might instead be "preconscious", and would become conscious if a person attended to them. I synthesize existing indirect evidence for this claim, argue that it is a foundational and largely untested assumption in many applied interventions (such as therapy and mindfulness practices), and suggest that, with careful experimentation, it could form the basis for a long-sought-after science of introspection training.

Security Audit Logging in Microservice-Based Systems: Survey of Architecture Patterns

Objective. Service-oriented architecture increases technical abilities for attacker to move laterally and maintain multiple pivot points inside of compromised environment. Microservice-based infrastructure brings more challenges for security architect related to internal event visibility and monitoring. Properly implemented logging and audit approach is a baseline for security operations and incident management. The aim of this study is to provide helpful resource to application and product security architects, software and operation engineers on existing architecture patterns to implement trustworthy logging and audit process in microservice-based environments. Method. In this paper, we conduct information security threats modeling and a systematic review of major electronic databases and libraries, security standards and presentations at the major security conferences as well as architecture whitepapers of industry vendors with relevant products. Results and practical relevance. In this work based on research papers and major security conferences presentations analysis, we identified industry best practices in logging audit patterns and its applicability depending on environment characteristic. We provided threat modeling for typical architecture pattern of logging system and identified 8 information security threats. We provided security threat mitigation and as a result of 11 high-level security requirements for audit logging system were identified. High-level security requirements can be used by application security architect in order to secure their products

Upgrade of Accident Sequence Model of PRA for LOCA Inside PCV

In Japan, Risk-informed activity using PRA is becoming increasingly active and Reactor Oversight Process (ROP) will be introduced in 2020. Then, PRA has attracted more attention, and it is necessary to immediately develop its infrastructures. Therefore, as the first step, TEPSYS/TEPCO conduct to upgrade the internal event level 1 PRA that is the basis of all events targeting unit 7 (ABWR) of TEPCO Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant. In particular, LOCA inside PCV for all piping connecting RPV including instrumentation and control piping reclassified based on its break size, break location, success or failure of the vapor suppression function, the accident progression during mission time, and PCV control procedures. Especially, the finding presented in this paper address the newly grouping that break location is classified into not 2 (steam phase/liquid phase) groups [1] but 3 groups as below. ✓ RPV nozzles are located above L8 reactor water level (steam phase) ✓ RPV nozzles are located between TAF and L8 reactor water level (steam phase / liquid phase) ✓ RPV nozzles are located below TAF reactor water level (liquid phase) In the Results, completeness of the accident sequence for LOCA inside PCV was improved to be applied to risk-informed activity and the proactive safety review.

PSA Application in the Diverse Actuation System Design

Diverse Actuation System (DAS) is designed as a diverse backup system for Protection and Safety Monitoring System (PMS) to perform the functions of reactor trip and engineered safety features actuation in AP1000 type nuclear power plants. However, not all of the PMS functions should be included in the DAS design. In this paper, the Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) technique was used to identify the DAS functions by comparing the core damage frequency caused by initiating events in at-power internal event PSA. Furthermore, protection parameter signals of DAS to actuate mitigating systems are identified by accident progress analysis.

A Cerebellar Deficit in Sensorimotor Prediction Explains Movement Timing Variability

A popular theory is that the cerebellum functions as a timer for clocking motor events (e.g., initiation, termination). Consistent with this idea, cerebellar patients have been reported to show greater deficits during hand movements that repeatedly start and stop (i.e., discontinuous movements) compared with continuous hand movements. Yet, this finding could potentially be explained by an alternate theory in which the cerebellum acts as an internal model of limb mechanics. We tested whether a timing or internal model hypothesis best explains results from a circle-drawing task, where individuals trace a circle with the hand at a desired tempo. We first attempted to replicate prior results showing greater impairment for discontinuous versus continuous circling movements, and then asked whether we could improve patient performance by reducing demands in each domain. First, we slowed the movement down to reduce the need to predict and compensate for limb dynamics. Second, we supplied external timing information to reduce the need for an internal event timer. Results showed that we did not replicate the previous findings—cerebellar patients were impaired in both discontinuous and continuous movements. Slowing the movement improved cerebellar performance to near control values. The addition of an external visual timing signal paradoxically worsened timing deficits rather than mitigating them. One interpretation of these combined results is that the cerebellum is indeed functioning as an internal model and is needed to make appropriate predictions for movement initiation and termination.

Motor-Operated Valve Importance Categorization Study Using Level 1 Internal PSA

Recently GL 89-10 static and dynamic Motor-Operated Valve (MOV) tests are being performed in Korean nuclear power plants to ensure MOV operability in design basis condition. And GL 96-05 MOV periodic verification testing will be followed after GL 89-10 testing. MOV risk importance categorization will be incorporated in Korean MOV periodic testing program for effective MOV test. In this study, MOVs were preliminarily categorized based on risk importance measures FV and RAW using level 1 internal event PSA. Configuration effect and importance uncertainty effect to risk importance of MOVs were also investigated.