Voxelwise Principal Component Analysis of Dynamic [S-Methyl-11C]Methionine PET Data in Glioma Patients

Recent works have demonstrated the added value of dynamic amino acid positron emission tomography (PET) for glioma grading and genotyping, biopsy targeting, and recurrence diagnosis. However, most of these studies are based on hand-crafted qualitative or semi-quantitative features extracted from the mean time activity curve within predefined volumes. Voxelwise dynamic PET data analysis could instead provide a better insight into intra-tumor heterogeneity of gliomas. In this work, we investigate the ability of principal component analysis (PCA) to extract relevant quantitative features from a large number of motion-corrected [S-methyl-11C]methionine ([11C]MET) PET frames. We first demonstrate the robustness of our methodology to noise by means of numerical simulations. We then build a PCA model from dynamic [11C]MET acquisitions of 20 glioma patients. In a distinct cohort of 13 glioma patients, we compare the parametric maps derived from our PCA model to these provided by the classical one-compartment pharmacokinetic model (1TCM). We show that our PCA model outperforms the 1TCM to distinguish characteristic dynamic uptake behaviors within the tumor while being less computationally expensive and not requiring arterial sampling. Such methodology could be valuable to assess the tumor aggressiveness locally with applications for treatment planning and response evaluation. This work further supports the added value of dynamic over static [11C]MET PET in gliomas.

Modeling, Simulations, Predictions, Calculations and Thermodynamic Assessments of Cobalt-Ferric Binary Alloys System Using Calphad Method and Pbine Database

This research article reports simulations and prediction based calculation for Co-Fe system under the application of Calphad method and thermocalc package. At different elevated temperature of 1200k, 1225k 1nd 1250k the said system is modeled and corresponding behavior of Gibbs free energy, phase diagram and activity curve is monitored. As per calculation the Gibbs energy curve is correspond to its negative era which shows the actual stability application of the said alloy system. The alloying element shows strong interaction amongst which results negative deviation from Roults law in activity era. At 1250k the activity value becomes maximum with same negative deviation. This shows the applicability and reliability of the said alloy system.

Modeling, Simulations, Predictions, Calculations and Thermodynamic Assessments of Cobalt-Ferric Binary Alloys System Using Calphad Method and Pbine Database

This research article reports simulations and prediction based calculation for Co-Fe system under the application of Calphad method and thermo-calc package. At different elevated temperature of 1200k, 1225k 1nd 1250k the said system is modeled and corresponding behavior of Gibbs free energy, phase diagram and activity curve is monitored. As per calculation the Gibbs energy curve is correspond to its negative era which shows the actual stability application of the said alloy system. The alloying element shows strong interaction amongst which results negative deviation from Roults law in activity era. At 1250k the activity value becomes maximum with same negative deviation. This shows the applicability and reliability of the said alloy system.

A TECHNOLOGY OF RENOGRAM DIVIDING BASED ON BLOOD VESSELS TO OBTAIN A MORE ACCURATE DIAGNOSIS

Nuclear medicine could provide an accurate estimate of the biochemical composition, metabolism, and capability of the kidney. Using nuclear medicine imaging to scan the organ, we can find the time-activity curve, called a renogram, by the intensity of the image. The activity curve can be employed to describe organ capability. Traditional methods of observing the activity curve of the whole kidney can obscure some small details. This paper proposes an improved renogram based on blood vessel distribution to estimate the kidney capability automatically. Every patient must acquire 180 renal dynamic images from the renal scan. First, acquiring region of the kidney in the No. 68 kidney image and correcting the background of this sample image, the sample image will be applied to the rest of the images to find the region of the kidney. The kidney image is then divided into several sub-regions according to the paths of the blood vessels from No. 50 kidney image. For each sub-region, we find the time–intensity curve, called the sub-renogram. Then, we observe the activity curves of the sub-region and the whole kidney separately to assist the diagnosis. The results of the automatic analysis are similar to the traditional methods used on the whole kidney, which ignores any abnormal sub-region activity. The proposed method can improve the accuracy of the doctor’s diagnosis.

Simulation study of a coincidence detection system for non-invasive determination of arterial blood time-activity curve measurements

Background : Arterial sampling in PET studies for the purposes of kinetic modeling remains an invasive, time intensive and expensive procedure. Alternatives to derive the blood time-activity curve (BTAC) non-invasively are either reliant on large vessels in the field of view or are laborious to implement and analyse as well as being prone to many processing errors. An alternative method is proposed in this work by the simulation of a non-invasive coincidence detection unit. Results: We utilized GATE simulations of a human forearm phantom with a blood flow model, as well as a model for dynamic radioactive bolus activity concentration based on clinical measurements. A fixed configuration of 14, and also separately, 8 detectors were employed around the phantom, and simulations performed to investigate signal detection parameters. BGO crystals proved to show the highest detection efficiency and sensitivity to a simulated BTAC with a maximum coincidence rate of 575 cps. Repeatable location of the blood vessels in the forearm allowed a half-ring design with only 8 detectors. Using this configuration, maximum coincident rates of 250 cps and 42 cps were achieved with simulation of activity concentration determined from 15 O and 18 F arterial blood sampling. NECR simulated in a water phantom at 3 different vertical positions inside the 8-detector system (Y=-1 cm, Y=-2 cm and Y=-3 cm) was 8360 cps, 13041 cps and 20476 cps at an activity of 3.5 MBq. Addition of extra axial detection planes to the half-ring configuration provided increases in system sensitivity by a factor of approximately 10. Conclusions: Initial simulations demonstrated that the configuration of a single half-ring 8 detector of monolithic BGO crystals could describe the a simulated BTAC in a clinically relevant forearm phantom with good signal properties, and an increased number of axial detection planes can provide increased sensitivity of the system. The system would find use in the derivation of the BTAC for use in the application of kinetic models without physical arterial sampling or reliance on image-based techniques.

Implementation of ANN Classifier for Weather Forecasting

Once quantitative information about the present condition of the environment and barometrical procedures is collected, one can head towards the making of climate conjectures. The climate expectation is essentially found on the recorded time arrangement information. The essential Data mining tasks and Numerical strategies are utilized to get a valuable example from a gigantic volume of informational index. Diverse testing and preparing situations are performed to acquire the precise outcome. To play out these sorts of expectations I am distinguishing the datasets. We gathered the information of a specific locale climate forecast from 1901 to 2001 with 11 traits. The gathered datasets experience the pre-handling. At that point bunching activity, Curve fitting and Extrapolation strategies are applied, continuing with a back spread. The Back spread and Extrapolation results are thought about. The Best future outcomes are anticipated