Modeling, Simulations, Predictions, Calculations and Thermodynamic Assessments of Cobalt-Ferric Binary Alloys System Using Calphad Method and Pbine Database

This research article reports simulations and prediction based calculation for Co-Fe system under the application of Calphad method and thermo-calc package. At different elevated temperature of 1200k, 1225k 1nd 1250k the said system is modeled and corresponding behavior of Gibbs free energy, phase diagram and activity curve is monitored. As per calculation the Gibbs energy curve is correspond to its negative era which shows the actual stability application of the said alloy system. The alloying element shows strong interaction amongst which results negative deviation from Roults law in activity era. At 1250k the activity value becomes maximum with same negative deviation. This shows the applicability and reliability of the said alloy system.

Communicating to Drive Sustainability-A Worked Example with Wind Power

We demonstrate the knowledge-development power of the emerging science of Mind Genomics, doing so by a study of appeals to fund a wind-power project in Texas. The paper focuses on the method, analyses, results, and application of the findings, showing what can be learned and implemented with the easy-to-do and affordable, iterated studies offered by Mind Genomics. Two groups of respondents evaluated 24 vignettes, comprising different combinations of 16 messages about wind power opportunities and benefits for the State of Texas. The first group of 51 respondents evaluated vignettes about wind-power, rating the vignettes on regarding whether they understood the messages and would recommend what they read. The second group of 50 respondents estimated the unit price of a share of stock based upon the messages in the vignette. The analysis linked the ratings to the presence/absence of each message. Two new-to-the-world mind-sets emerged, those focusing on the benefits to Texas, and those focusing on what specific actions must be taken. The mind-sets suggest different ways that people have of dealing with information in which appeals are embedded. Study 2 reaffirmed these two mind-sets when economic judgments were substituted for opinions. The paper incorporates the PVI, the personal viewpoint identifier, a technology to assign a new person to one of these two mind-sets, thus expanding the scope of the research from a study of a single population to the possible identification of the mind-sets in the general population around the United States or even around the world.

Organic Chemistry to Treat Diseases

Organic chemistry is the branch of physics that deals with the properties, structures, reactions, compositions and preparation of carbon-containing compounds which not only includes hydrocarbons but also compounds with any number of other elements, for instance oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, halogens, sulfur and silicon. Organic chemistry can be used to create new structures and develop better ways of synthesizing known as compounds. Organic chemistry is generally employed by pharmaceutical, chemical, biotech, consumer products, and chemical and petroleum productions. Although, biotechnology is a field of applied biology that actually involves using living organisms and bioprocess to create or modify products for a specific use. Virtually all biotechnology results are the product of organic chemistry

Clinical Coping with Prescribing Opioids within the Context of Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus

The purpose of this article is to provide podiatric physicians with the strategies for identifying, assessing and responding to patients who may have changes in opioid pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics due to sex and age differences and disease states. First of all, possible opioid drug interactions that exist within the context of patient demographics and disease states are presented and described. Secondly, both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics changes of opioid agents within certain patient demographics are presented. Lastly, the art of clinical coping mechanism to prescribe opioids to patients that may be elderly or presenting with disease states that may alter opioid pharmacokinetics.

Ultimate and Proximate Analysis of Coal Samples from Different Regions in Pakistan for their Future Utilization

A comparison of coal samples obtained from various regions of Pakistan was done based on their proximate and ultimate analysis and gross calorific values to discern the processing technique which may be applied for these coals e.g. liquefaction, gasification, carbonization etc. The samples of coal were got from different coal fields in Pakistan. Different nomenclature were chosen to differentiate the regions of coal e.g., SRGE for coal obtained from Sor-Range and Degari coalfields near Quetta, Baluchistan, LKR for coal obtained from Lakhra, Sindh, SLGE for coal obtained from Salt Range coalfields near Chakwal, Punjab, KTL for coal obtained from Kotli, Azad Jammu Kashmir (AJK), MCH for coal obtained from Mach, Baluchistan and THR for coal sample obtained from Tharparkar, Sindh. MCH coals were reported with highest calorific value of 13305.35kcal/kg. THR coals were classified as class (2) coals as they were found with calorific values & carbon contents of 12337.13 kcal/kg and 69.9% respectively. KTL coal samples were reported with lowest carbon contents of 57.9% in ultimate analysis experiments. MCH & SRG coals were nominated as low quality coals because of their highest ash contents i.e., 50%. SRGE and SLG coals were found hazardous for our ecosystem because of their high sulfur contents. SRGE, LKR, SLG and THR were classified as class (2) bituminous coals and were found best gas coals, while MCH and KTL were found class (1) and class (4) bituminous coals respectively.

Endothelial Cells Strengthening: Improving Functions in Management of Acute Coronary Syndrome (A Double Blind Randomized Interventional Control Trial)

Objective: Endothelial dysfunction/injury is the main reason for Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). Current therapy includes antiplatelet, lipid lowering and thrombus removal by drugs/ intervention. Endothelial strengthening in management of ACS is less narrated in literature. This study describes endothelial strengthening and clinical outcome in ACS with Triphala powder, a mixture of Amla (Phyllanthus emblica), Harad (Terminalia chebula), and Behda (Terminalia bellirica). Methods: This is a double blind randomized interventional control trial. 80 cases coming to the emergency department were selected for study, divided into two groups. Group 1 (n=40, control), group 2 (n=40, study). Further subdivided into subgroup 1A and 2A ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) and subgroup 1B and 2B Unstable Angina (UA). All subgroups were given clopidogrel, aspirin and atorvastatin and subjected to thrombolysis or Coronary Angiography (CAG) according to requirement. In addition study group was given Triphala powder 10 grams in a cup of water. Outcome was observed for relief in chest pain, ECG, Echocardiography changes at 50 minutes; (SSR) Sympathetic Skin Response was done initially. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS 20 software. Results: In intervention subgroups 2A and 2B there was significant relief in chest pain, settling down of ECG changes, and improvement in regional wall motion in echocardiography (p<0.001). There was increased sympathetic activity in all subgroups (spike response in SSR). Conclusion: Sudden mismatch in ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) supply results in endothelial dysfunction. It occurs primarily due to increase in sympathetic discharge. Endothelial dysfunction results in UA/STEMI. Triphala increases ATP synthesis by increasing mitochondrial capacity to maximum; strengthens endothelium which behaves like normal endothelium and resolves symptoms and signs of ACS.

Thermodynamic Analysis and Calculations of (Fe-Co) Alloy by Modeling and Simulation using Thermo-Calc Software

In this paper Thermodynamic calculation is shown. We have found simulation for phase diagram, Gibbs free energy and Activity curve at different temperatures (1200 K, 1225 K and 1250 K). Phase diagrams, Gibbs free-energy and the component activities of (Fe-Co) alloys system were calculated by Calphad method. Results show that the values of Gibbs energy were negative, which shows the stability of (Fe-Co). Negative deviation had occurred from Raoult’s Law in activities, which indicates that there is strong interaction between Fe and Co in (Fe-Co) alloy. By increasing the temperature the activity increases and deviation in activity decreases. For all the thermodynamic calculations the Thermo-Calc software, databases and Calphad method have used.

Review on Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs)

Our planet’s community largely depends on a snug energy supply, and non-renewable energy such as fossil fuel has been serving as the most trustworthy energy source from its discovery time of 1673 till to the current century. However, non-renewable energy resources are rapidly decreased per year due to increasing the energy consumption rate. To address this issue, renewable energy chiefly photovoltaic energy has attracted much though, because it directly converts solar energy into electrical without environment pollution. For the past several years, different photovoltaic devices like inorganic organic, and hybrid solar cells are invented for different application purposes. Regardless of its high conversion rate of silicon based solar cells, the high module cost and complicated production process restricted their application. Research has been focused on alternative organic solar cells for their inherent low module cost and easy fabrication processes. From all organic solar cells, Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) are the most efficient, low cost and easily implemented technology. This review paper focus on clarifying the technological meaning of DSSCs, Types of DSSCs materials, working principle, advantages, power full applications area of DSSCs, the efficiency and challenges for R&D of DSSCs to upgrade the current efficiency.

Characterization of Physical, Thermal and Spectroscopic Properties of Biofield Treated Ortho-Toluic Acid

Toluic acid isomers are widely used as a chemical intermediate in manufacturing of dyes, pharmaceuticals, polymer stabilizers, insect repellent and other organic synthesis. The aim of present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on physical, thermal and spectroscopic properties of ortho isomer of toluic acid (OTA). The OTA sample was divided into two groups, served as control and treated. The treated group received Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment. Subsequently, the control and treated samples were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis/ derivative thermogravimetry (TGA/DTG), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. XRD result showed 26.66% decrease in crystallite size in treated OTA sample as compared to control. Furthermore, DSC analysis result showed that latent heat of fusion was considerably reduced by 6.68% in treated OTA sample as compared to control. However, an increase in melting point was observed in treated sample. The melting point of treated OTA sample was found to be 107.96°C as compared to control (105.47°C) sample. Moreover, TGA/ DTG studies showed that Tmax (temperature, at which sample lost its maximum weight) was decreased by 1.21% in treated OTA sample as compared to control. It indicates that vaporisation of treated OTA sample might increase as compared to control. The FT-IR and UV-Vis spectra did not show any significant changes in spectral properties of treated OTA sample as compared to control. These findings suggest that biofield treatment has significantly altered the physical and thermal properties of OTA, which could make it more useful as chemical intermediate.

Cefuroxime Axetil: A Commercially Available Pro-Drug as Corrosion Inhibitor for Aluminum in Hydrochloric Acid Solution

Cefuroxime axetil (CA) a pro-drug was tested as corrosion inhibitor for aluminum in hydrochloric acid solution using thermometric, gasometric weight loss and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques. Results obtained showed that this compound has good inhibiting properties for aluminum corrosion in acidic medium, with inhibition efficiencies values reaching 89.87 % at 0.5 g / L. It was also found out that the results from weight loss method are highly consistent with those obtained by hydrogen evolution method and gasometric method; and all indicate that inhibitor efficiency increases with increasing inhibitor concentration. Cefuroxime axetil inhibited the corrosion of aluminum in solutions of HCl through the mechanism of physiosorption as confirmed by values of activation energy and free energy of adsorption. The adsorption of the inhibitor was also found to be spontaneous, exothermic and best fitted the Langmuir adsorption model. SEM analysis confirmed the existence of an absorbed protective film on the aluminum surface.