Evaluate the role of mercury chloride in the development of toxic pulmonary edema in laboratory animals during intoxication with substances of acylating action

Relevance. Intoxication of acylate pulmonotoxicants causes disturbance of structure and function of air-blood barrier, the output of liquid in the interstitial and alveolar space and manifestation of lung edema. Aquaporins play an important role in the transportation of fluid through the alveolar-capillary membrane, including pathological conditions. Water permeability through aquaporins is blocked by mercury ions. Using mercury chloride may reduce severity of the acute lung edema after intoxication of the pulmonotoxicants. Intention. The goal is to evaluate the role of mercury dichloride in the development of toxic pulmonary edema in laboratory animals during intoxication with pulmonotoxicants with an acylating effect. Methodology. Laboratory animals (rats and rabbits) were exposed to inhalation intoxication of carbonic acid dichloride and perfluoroisobutylene at concentrations of 1,5LC50. In 30 minutes after exposure were administrated of 0,3LD50 mercury chloride to the animals subcutaneously. The oxygenation index, acid-base state, pulmonary coefficient, histological changes in lung was investigated in 6 hours after exposure. Results. It was found that intoxication with carbonic acid dichloride and perfluoroisobutylene at concentrations of 1,5LC50 led to the development of toxic pulmonary edema in rats and rabbits 6 hours following exposure. The administration mercury chloride to 30 minutes following exposure to the pulmonotoxicants under study, led to a decrease (p 0.05) in the pulmonary coefficient, an increase (p 0.05) in the oxygenation index and normalization of the acid-base state according to compared with animals receiving 0.9 % NaCl following intoxication. When conducting a histological examination, in animals treated with mercury chloride less pronounced changes in the histoarchitectonics of the lung tissue were noted. Conclusion. Considering the fact that the administration of mercury chloride to animals led to a decrease in the manifestations of pulmonary edema in animals, it was suggested that aquaporins play an important role in the pathogenesis of toxic pulmonary edema caused by intoxication with pulmonotoxicants with an acylating effect. The use of selective blockers of aquaporins (less toxic than mercury chloride) may be a new direction in the pathogenetic therapy of toxic pulmonary edema due to exposure to pulmonotoxicants.

Fluorescent and growth-regulating activity 2-phenylethenylphosphonic acid derivatives

The paper provides data on an improved method for the synthesis of 2-phenylethenylphosphonic acid dichloride by interacting of carbamide derivatives with 2-phenylethenyltrichlorophosphonium hexachloro-phosphate, which is an intermediate adduct of the reaction of styrene and phosphorus pentachloride. Readily available urea, biuret, and acetylurea have been used as transformers of the adduct. It has been shown that carbamide derivatives are not only donors of the oxygen atom, but they also bind hydrogen chloride released at the stage of complexation into the corresponding hydrochlorides. This allows obtaining the target 2-phenyl-ethenyldichlorophosphonate without admixture of the hydrochlorination by-product. The phenomenon of induced fluorescence of 2-phenylethenylphosphonic acid and its esters in the solid phase and in solution was revealed. The growth-regulating activity of 2-phenylethenylphosphonic acid and O,O-di(p-nitrophenyl)-2-phenylethenyl-phosphonate on the seed germination energy, laboratory and field germinations of grain and vegetable crops was established. It is shown that pre-sowing treatment of the Prokhorovka spring wheat seeds with a 0.0005% aqueous solution of O,O-di(p-nitrophenyl)-2-phenylethenylphosphonate leads to an increase in wheat yield by 21%, which expands the range of products for this purpose. A study of the acute toxicity of 2-phenylethenylphosphonic acid according to LeBlanc on male rats kept on a standard vivarium diet showed that it has a two-phase effect. In the first phase, there are symptoms of damage to the motor part of the peripheral nervous system in the form of local seizures and the central nervous system in the form of the general suppression of motor activity and moderate relaxation of skeletal muscles, and in the second phase, the acid manifests itself in a general toxic effect. Determination of the LD50 of 2-phenylethenylphosphonic acid showed that it belongs to the third class of toxicity – low-hazard substances.

Synthesis and Performance Characteristics of Superstructure Polyethers

In this article, we describe the synthesis of polyretherketones (PEK) by the method of acceptor-catalytic polycondensation, using oligoketones with different condensation degree (n = 1, 10, 20), isophthalic and terephthalic acid dichloride hydrides and 2,2-di-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane. Their properties were also studied

Lanthanide and actinide extractions with cobalt bis(dicarbollide) ion derivatives covalently bonded to diglycolyl diamide platform

The separation of minor actinides from high-level waste (HLW) remains a difficult problem. A wide series of compounds based on two cobalt bis(dicarbollide) ions [(1,2-C2B9H10)(1′,2′-C2B9H11)-3,3′-Co(III)]− (1) covalently bonded to a diglycolyl amide platform via diethyleneglycol connectors was prepared by reaction of the diglycolic acid dichloride with various ammonium derivatives of the ion 1 with the aim to develop new class of extractants for trivalent radionuclides from acidic waste solutions. The extractants of general formulation [{(N,N-(8-CH2-CH2O)2-1,2-C2B9H10)(1′,2′-C2B9H11)-3,3′-Co)(N,N′-R)NCOCH2}2-O]Na2 differed in substitution on the amidic nitrogen (by e.g. butyl-, hexyl-, octyl-, t-octyl-, dodecyl-, benzyl-groups). Compounds were characterized by combination of 11B, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, ESI-MS, HPLC, and TLC RF. The purity of all species was better than 98%. Most of the compounds proved to be very efficient extraction agents and enabled effective extraction of europium(III) and americium(III) from nitric acid solutions. The recovery of the trivalent radionuclides from the loaded organic phase was possible by using ammonium citrate or even better by using solution of ammonium citrate and ammonium DTPA (diethylenetriamine pentaacetate).

Poly(amide) oligomers with silarylene and/or germarylene units – synthesis, characterization and thermal studies

Ten poly(amide) oligomers were prepared from four acid dichlorides and two full-aromatic diamines, the latter containing silicon or germanium in their structure. The polymers, which contain Et/Me, Et/Et and nBu/nBu combinations on heteroatom of the acid dichloride moiety, were characterized by spectroscopic techniques, including 29Si NMR. The yields obtained and the ηιnh values established were low, indicating the low molecular weight nature of the polymers. Thermal stability was also evaluated by TG and DSC techniques. When a methyl group was replaced by a Et, the Tg of the poly(amides) (PAs) was increased in accordance with the gain in the flexibility of the chain. However and in general terms, the PAs with nBu groups show the inverse effect. Probably, the possibility of an effective interaction between these side chains affects negatively the flexibility of the main chain. On the other hand, PAs that contain single silicon in their structure show lower Tg values than the Ge-containing PAs. For the other heteroatom combinations, similar results were obtained. This fact does not agree with the lower size of silicon atom which should increase the molecular rigidity and therefore their Tg values. Probably, the influence of the side groups is decisive in hindering the chain rotation. The thermal degradation temperature (TDT) changed in agreement with the packing factor of the chains which was depending on the size of substitute groups. So, when Et group was replaced by nBu as lateral group, lower TDT were recovered. With respect to the heteroatoms used in the main chain, the TDT values do not show a clear tendency.

Hydrocarbon-bridged Metal Complexes, LII [1]. N1,N2-Di(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-1,2,4-triaminobutane, a Useful Reagent for the Synthesis of Hydrocarbon-bridged Bis(ethylenediamine) Ligands by Reactions with Dicarboxylic Acids

The reactions of N1,N2-Di-boc-1,2,4-triaminobutane with bridged dicarboxylic acids afford the corresponding bis-amides from which - after removal of the Boc groups - bis(N,N'-bidendate) ligands H2NCH2CH(NH2)(CH2)2NHCO-X-CONH(CH2)2CH(NH2)CH2NH2 can be obtained. New examples are the reactions of the triaminobutane with pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, with phenylene- 1,4-diacetic acid, with terephthalic acid dichloride and with benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid. From the new ligands with two terminal ethylenediamine groups, the bis(dichloroplatinum) complexes were synthesized