Agile Software Development Techniques: A Survey

In this IT era, where there is a race of software development, it is necessary to introduce such types of software development techniques which will help the practitioners to deliver fast solutions. In the past, various traditional approaches were used for this purpose, but now agile techniques are getting more popular because conventional software development approaches are not efficient in managing the changing requirements. The agile software development process is one of the most emerging lightweight software development methodologies, which uses iterative and prototype development approaches to accommodate changes in software requirements. Final software products are delivered to the end-users in short iterations. One of the most noticeable drawbacks of agile methods is their limited courtesy to the structured and architectural design of the system. Hence this development approach will restrict small to medium design decisions only. In this paper, we have performed the analysis of different agile techniques, which will help the readers to understand their positive and negative points and select the most appropriate technique suited to their projects.

Wheat Bran Hydrolysate Culture Medium Design for Talaromyces Purpureogenus CFRM02 Pigment Production and Colour Characteristics

Wheat bran hydrolysate (WBH) in combination with carbon and nitrogen was utilised as substrate for pigment production by Talaromyces purpureogenus CFRM02. Pigment yield was significantly increased (≈ 3 fold: OD units and ≈ 2 fold: a* value) by xylose supplementation with WBH compared to other carbon sources. Whereas 1% xylose supplementation increased pigment production (1.57 ± 0.05 OD Units and 49 ± 1.62 a* value). Pigment yield was low when WBH supplemented with 0.3% nitrogen sources. However significant increase (≈ 2-2.5 fold, OD units and a* value) was observed, when yeast extract (1.2%), nitrate of sodium (1.2%) and potassium (1.6%) were supplemented. Accordingly, 16 WBH media were designed by supplementing carbon and nitrogen. Interestingly the pigment production was significantly increased (1.59 OD units and 32 a* value) in the medium supplemented with 4% carbon and 0.9–1.2% nitrogen. T. purpureogenus CFRM02 was able to co-utilize xylose, fructose and glucose in WBH medium. The CIE Lab values indicated that, pigment characteristics differed significantly among the media. Apparently, T. purpureogenus CFRM02 possess alternative gene(s) or pathway(s) for xylose metabolism and channelled towards pigment biosynthesis. Comparative results revealed that, 1% xylose supplementation to WBH makes the fermentation process economically competitive for pigment production.

Pengaruh Desain Kotak Terhadap Produktivitas Lebah Trigona sp

One of the factors that effect the productivity of honey bees is the factor of temperature and humidity of the nest or stup where the bees live. A nest or stup with a maintened temperature and humidity will provide the bee comfort for live. This study discusses the effect of stup size design on the productivity honey bee of Trigona sp. This study used a Complete Random Design (CRD) with 3 stup design, namely: Horizontal, Vertical and Medium. Each design size consists of 4 replications, and each replication consists of 2 stup. Data were analyzed using by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's test at 95% confidence level. The parameters observed were number of egg cells and pollen, weight pollen, number of honey pots and volume of honey. The results of the analysis showed that production of the medium design for number of egg cells, pollen, weight pollen, number of honey pots and the volume of honey of Trigona sp was significantly higher than vertical and horizontal design. The conclusion of this study showed that the medium stup is better used in farming system of Trigona sp.