FORMATION AND MONITORING OF SECONDARY X-RAY RADIATION UNDER PRODUCT PROCESSING WITH ELECTRON BEAM

When conducting an industrial radiation processes at an electron accelerator, a part of the beam energy is trans-formed into bremsstrahlung radiation. In such a way, the mixed e,X-radiation is formed in the area behind an irra-diated object. The intensity of the electron and photon components in the radiation is determined by the energy and power of the primary electron beam, as well as by the parameters of the object and devices located behind it. In paper, the characteristics of the e,X-radiation accompanying the product processing by a scanning electron beam with energy 8…12 MeV at a LU-10 Linac of NSC KIPT are studied. The conditions for obtaining a source of sec-ondary X-rays in the state of electronic equilibrium, as well as its monitoring using an extended free-air ionization chamber are explored. Such an extra-source of radiation can be used for carrying out various non-commercial pro-grams like radiation tests, sanitization of archival materials and cultural heritage objects, etc.

Systematization of environmental factors of the environment ship's crew

Среда обитания судового экипажа определяет его работоспособность и оказывает влияние на эффективность принимаемых решений в нормальных и аварийных ситуациях. Рассмотрены основные факторы, формирующие среду обитания: состав воздуха служебных помещений, освещенность и светоцветовое оформление, шум, вибрация, производственные излучения и электромагнитные поля. Проанализированы возможности адаптации организма к специфическим условиям среды обитания. Приведён перечень необходимого оборудования, которое используется для защиты персонала, в том числе стационарные газоанализаторы, обеспечивающие замеры низких концентраций токсичных газов и концентраций кислорода, а также выполняющие периодический контроль состава воздуха в служебных помещениях. Показано влияние условий труда на заболеваемость. Предложена методика экспертной оценки условий труда и обитания экипажа, учитывающая влияние комплекса факторов, совокупность которых может существенно меняться не только в зависимости от назначения и типа судна, но и вследствие особенностей плавания. Анализ природных и производственно-бытовых факторов, влияющих на заболеваемость членов экипажа различных профессиональных групп, позволил выявить частоту возникновения болезней и их продолжительность. Установлено, что чаще болеют представители операторских профессий (штурманы и механики), что объясняется условиями и характером их труда. Заболеваемость имеет выраженную профессиональную обусловленность (уровни воздействия) и стажевую детерминацию (длительность воздействия). The habitat of the ship's crew determines its performance and influences the effectiveness of decisions made in normal and emergency situations. The main factors that form the living environment are considered: the composition of the air of office premises, illumination and light-color design, noise, vibration, industrial radiation and electromagnetic fields. The possibilities of adaptation of the organism to specific environmental conditions are analyzed. The list of necessary equipment that is used to protect personnel is given, including stationary gas analyzers that provide measurements of low concentrations of toxic gases and oxygen concentrations, as well as perform periodic monitoring of the air composition in office premises. The influence of working conditions on morbidity is shown. A method of expert assessment of the working conditions and living conditions of the crew is proposed, taking into account the influence of a complex of factors, the totality of which can significantly change not only depending on the purpose and type of vessel, but also due to the dynamically changing features of navigation. The analysis of natural and industrial and household factors affecting the morbidity of crew members of various professional groups allowed us to identify the frequency of diseases and their duration. It is established that representatives of operator professions (navigators and mechanics) are more often ill, which is explained by the conditions and nature of their work. The incidence has a pronounced occupational conditionality (exposure levels) and an occupational determination (duration of exposure).

Assessment of the dose burden and health status of the uranium processing workers of the Republic of Kazakhstan

The main objective of current study is to assess the dose burden and health status of workers at the uranium processing hydrometallurgical plant in order to develop measures aimed at reducing their incidence. This article presents the results of radiation monitoring and data on the health status of workers at the hydrometallurgical plant of the Stepnogorsk Mining and Chemical Combine (SMCC). The data of the accumulated effective dose for the entire length of service, as well as data on the incidence rate for the period 2013-2019, obtained from the base of the Industrial Radiation and Epidemiological Register, have been analyzed. Based on the results of measurements of the uranium content in urine, the expected effective dose of internal irradiation of the enterprise personnel was calculated. The assessment of the health status of workers was carried out based on the materials of outpatient and hospital visits, as well as the results of mandatory periodic medical examinations over the past 5 years. Based on the results, an excess of the expected effective dose of internal irradiation was revealed based on the analysis of a urine sample by 3 times. The most typical for the studied contingent of the main group turned out to be diseases of the eye and its adnexa (23%).

Radiation-hygienic assessment of modern medical technologies

Introduction. Currently, modern medical radiation technologies, including the use of radiopharmaceuticals, are becoming more widely used. At the same time, it should be noted that these technologies themselves have undergone a significant evolution towards improving their radiation safety. But while radiation technologies have been steadily improving, approaches to controlling and regulating activities with ionizing radiation sources remain highly conservative. In law enforcement practice, this approach leads more and more to excessive requirements that are not justified for the basic principles of radiation safety - rationing, justification, optimization. This paper substantiates the ways to improve the issues of regulation and regulation of activities using modern radiation technologies Purpose of research. Conducting radiation and hygiene assessment of working conditions in PET centers and developing proposals for improving regulatory requirements, taking into account the features of modern technologies Material and methods. Protocols of industrial radiation control, results of own research of effective equivalent doses, equivalent doses for the skin and lens of the eye by thermoluminescent dosimetry, timekeeping of the working time of the PET center staff were used. Results. As part of the work, the results of industrial radiation monitoring of the PET- center of a large medical organization were analyzed. It is shown that the annual radiation doses are within no more than 1/3 of the dose limit for limited personnel, most of whom receive less than 5 mS per year. The data of our research carried out based on the scientific LRC of the Department of radiochemistry of the Lomonosov Moscow State University are in good agreement with the data of the medical institution. Conducting time-lapse studies allowed us to conclude that the time of direct exposure of personnel is significantly less than the standard values provided for by regulatory documents, and the dose rates for many operations can not correspond to the values regulated by these documents. It is shown how a safe technology can relate, on formal grounds, to “highly dangerous”, which is a significant modern contradiction in the field of regulating activities with radiation sources. Conclusion. An important factor in ensuring radiation safety is the identification of critical groups of personnel, the most exposed organs, and tissues, taking into account the annual activity consumed. The standardized dose rate criteria laid down in regulatory documents do not provide for the use of indicators of the actual workload (time of exposure). It is necessary to introduce appropriate changes to the normative documents.

Covid-19 and 5G Radiation are Two Parallel Lines: A Systematic Review

The rapid dissemination of new coronaviruses worldwide in 2019–2020 has had a significant effect on global economic and social growth. Those exchanges have featured numerous conspiracies spread by patrons on social media. Among them, 5G has been related by a common hypothesis to the dissemination of COVID-19, which has contributed to confusion and the destruction of 5G towers in the UK. Understanding the drivers of false news and swift strategies aimed at isolating and rebating disinformation is crucial to combating it. This paper sought a systematic literature review to save, classify, and interpret the evidence for this research. A total of 95 articles have been successfully reviewed, consisting of 50 Scopus journals and 45 conference papers ranging from the publication years (2014 to 2020). The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of electromagnetic fields on the human body and to clarify health laws in general public and industrial radiation. The knowledge on the electromagnetic field was obtained using instruments to determine the sensitivity amount of some of the home appliances in the magnetic and electric fields.