Safety and efficacy of a novel retrograde route for femoral bone graft harvesting by Reamer-Irrigator-Aspirator: a pilot study on 24 patients

Background The Reamer–Irrigator–Aspirator system was initially developed to reduce fat embolism and thermic necrosis during reamed intramedullary nail fixation of femoral shaft fractures. Currently, this system is used in extended applications including accessing large volume of autologous bone graft, as alternative for iliac crest harvesting. Antegrade femoral bone graft harvesting using the Reamer-Irrigator-Aspirator system is considered the standard technique. The aim of our study is to evaluate the efficacy (bone graft volume) and the complications (blood loss, postoperative pain, and incidence of iatrogenic fractures) of the Reamer–Irrigator–Aspirator system through the retrograde femoral route in a series of patients with post-traumatic bone defects or nonunions. Methods A non-controlled single center retrospective observational cohort study was conducted in a level1 trauma center to evaluate all patients who were treated using the RIA system. Between November 2015 and May 2019, 24 patients (8 women and 16 men; mean age: 41 years [range 27–55 years]) with bone defects or nonunions underwent bone graft harvesting using the Reamer–Irrigator–Aspirator system through retrograde femoral route. Postoperative pain, complications, and bone graft volume were analyzed. Inclusion criteria was patients older than 18 years with a diagnosis of post-traumatic bone defect or associated tibial or femoral nonunion, with minimum 6-months follow, treated using the RIA. We hypothesized that the retrograde route of the RIA system is a safe and efficacious method for bone harvesting. Results The average volume of collected graft was 45 cc (range 30–60 cc). In 83% of the cases, bone grafting was sufficient, while in 17% it was necessary to add iliac crest bone graft to completely fill the bone defect. A mean drop in postoperative hemoglobin of 4.1 g / dL (range 0.5–6.0 g / dL) was evidenced. In 4 cases (33%), a unit of packed red blood cells was required. Regarding postoperative pain, visual analogue scale after 3 months postoperatively was 1.6 in average. After 6 months, the value has decreased to 0.4. There were no perioperative or postoperative complications at 6-month follow-up. Conclusion In this limited case series, large volumes of bone graft were harvested using the retrograde route of the RIA system and there were no intra-/ postoperative complications observed at 6-month follow-up. Therefore this novel technique appears safe and efficacious. However, it’s important to highlight that future prospective controlled studies are necessary to validate the insights from this pilot study.

Risk Stratification of Patients Undergoing Primary Pci for Stemi Using Dynamic Timi Risk Score at A Tertiary Care Cardiac Center

Objective: To determine the frequency of severity based on dynamic TIMI scoring among STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI at a tertiary care Cardiac center. Subject and Methods: This case series study was carried out on 171 patients admitted with acute STEMI undergoing PPCI at the department of cardiology NICVD, Karachi for six months from February 1st to July 30th, 2018. After the selection of patients, they were shifted to the Cath lab, the arterial sheath was passed through the femoral route only although the radial route is also present but to reduce the bias we choose the same femoral route only. Angiography was done and the area of occlusion identified was ballooned/stented by the interventional cardiologist having experience of at least 03 years. The study parameters of dynamic TIMI risk score points were recorded on a predesigned proforma. Results: The mean age of the patients of the study subjects was 59.89±12.67, Distribution of gender was stated, 133(77.78%) patients were male and (22.22%) were female. Outcome dynamic TIMI risk score severity was stated, 86(50.29%) patients had a low risk, 62(36.26%) patients had a moderate risk, 23(13.45%) patients had a high risk. Conclusion: When used in STEMI patients, this new approach shows the ever-changing risks and could be helpful in clinical decision-making as well as risk assessment. Keywords: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; Primary percutaneous coronary intervention, TIMI

Arterial vascular access complication in osteogenesis imperfecta

We present a case of the catastrophic bleeding from the femoral access site after an uncomplicated puncture in a patient with Type 1 osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) undergoing coronary angiogram via the femoral route. This had to be treated with a covered stent at the puncture site. This is an extremely rare complication in OI. The potential pathological mechanisms of this complication are discussed. An interventionist will rarely encounter such a patient in the catheterisation laboratory but would do well to be aware of this potential complication.

Direct Common Carotid Artery Puncture: Rescue Mechanical Thrombectomy Strategy in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Purpose: In a minority of cases, the transfemoral approach cannot be performed due to unfavorable anatomical barriers. In such cases, direct common carotid artery puncture (DCCAP) is an important alternative for rescue mechanical thrombectomy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DCCAP in patients with an unaccessible femoral route for mechanical thrombectomy.Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study using data in the Turkish Interventional Neurology Database recorded between January 2015 and April 2019. Twenty-five acute stroke patients treated with DCCAP were analyzed in this study. Among 25 cases with carotid puncture, 4 cases were excluded due to an aborted thrombectomy attempt resulting from unsuccessful sheath placement.Results: Patients had a mean age of 69±12 years. The average National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 16±4. Successful revascularization (modified Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction 2b-3) rate was 86% (18/21), and 90-day good functional outcome rate (modified Rankin Scale 0–2) was 38% (8/21).Conclusion: DCCAP is a rescue alternative for patients with unfavorable access via the transfemoral route. Timely switching to DCCAP is crucial in these cases.

Illustrated Guide to the Transradial Approach for Neuroendovascular Surgery: A Step-by-Step Description Gleaned From Over 500 Cases at an Early Adopter Single Center

BACKGROUND Traditionally, neuroangiography for diagnosis and therapy has been achieved via the transfemoral route. Femoral access, however, has been associated with catastrophic complications. Although transradial access (TRA) has been adopted late by the field of neuroendovascular surgery, several groups have recently demonstrated a dramatically safe and rapid learning curve with a radial-first approach. However, there is a need for a detailed illustrative approach on the transradial technique. OBJECTIVE To provide a detailed description of the operative technique with step-by-step illustrations derived from our single center series of 506 cases, as an early adopter. METHODS A step-by-step illustrated approach to our technique of transradial angiography is provided, based on our clinical experience of an early radial-first approach. Prospective review of patients undergoing transradial angiography and interventions from April 1 to November 30, 2019, at our institution was performed. We included all cases that received radial-first arterial access for diagnostic and interventional neuroangiography. Efficacy, complications, catheter use, and radiation metrics of TRA for the entire cohort were noted. The radial approach was described in 4 stages beginning from the wrist (Stage I) and ending with distal access to target vessel of interest (Stage IV). RESULTS A total of 506 patients underwent TRA over the 7-mo period. Procedural success was achieved in 92.3% of patients (93.7% for diagnostic and 88.5% for interventional). Crossover to the femoral route occurred in 33 (6.5%) cases (25 diagnostic and 8 interventional). The majority occurred in Stage I. No major complications were noted. CONCLUSION Our preferred technique for the transradial approach provides excellent safety and efficacy in performing diagnostic and interventional neuroangiography. The illustrated technical steps are expected to provide guidance for early adopters of TRA.

PACIENTES SUBMETIDOS À ANGIOPLASTIA TRANSLUMINAL CORONARIANA: ANÁLISE EPIDEMIOLÓGICA E ANGIOGRÁFICA

Objetivo: analisar aspectos epidemiológicos e angiográficos de pacientes submetidos à Angioplastia Transluminal Coronariana eletiva em um hospital de referência em cardiologia do estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Métodos: trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, descritiva, transversal com abordagem quantitativa. A coleta de dados ocorreu de abril/2017 a outubro/2017. Resultados: foram incluídos no estudo 129 pacientes, destes 65,8% eram do sexo masculino. O stent farmacológico foi mais utilizado nos procedimentos com 79 (61,2%). A via femoral predominou entre os dois sexos, com 29 (65,9%) entre mulheres e 54 (63,5%), nos homens.Conclusões:nota-se predomínio de pacientes do sexo masculino, idosos, baixo grau de escolaridade, pardos, casados e aposentados. A análise angiográfica constitui-se de pacientes com predominância de implantação de um (1) stent do tipo farmacológico, Descendente anterior e Coronária direita como coronárias tratadas, sendo a punção de acesso com maior prevalência a por via femoral.Descritores: Intervenção coronária percutânea; Angioplastia; Infarto do miocárdio; Doenças cardiovasculares; Reperfusão miocárdica.PATIENTS SUBMITTED TO CORONARY TRANSLUMINAL ANGIOPLASTY: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND ANGIOGRAPHIC ANALYSISObjective: to analyze epidemiological and angiographic aspects of patients submitted to elective Coronary Transluminal Angioplasty at a referral hospital in cardiology in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. Methodology: This is an exploratory, descriptive, transversal research with a quantitative approach. Data collection occurred from April / 2017 to October / 2017. Results: 129 patients were included in the study, of which 65.8% were male. The pharmacological stent was more used in the procedures with 79 (61.2%). The femoral route predominated between the two sexes, with 29 (65.9%) between women and 54 (63.5%), in men. Conclusions: a predominance of male patients, elderly, low educational level, pardos, married and retired people. Angiographic analysis consists of patients with a predominance of implantation of one (1) stent of the pharmacological type, Anterior descending and Right coronary as treated coronaries, being the access puncture with greater prevalence to the femoral route.Descriptors: Percutaneous coronary intervention, Angioplasty, Myocardial infarction, Cardiovascular diseases, Myocardial reperfusion.PACIENTES SUBMETIDOS A LA ANGIOPLASTIA TRANSLUMINAL CORONARIANA: ANÁLISIS EPIDEMIOLÓGICA Y ANGIOGRÁFICAObjetivo: analizar aspectos epidemiológicos y angiográficos de pacientes sometidos a la Angioplastia Transluminal Coronariana electiva en un hospital de referencia en cardiología del estado de Rio Grande do Norte. Metodology: setrata de una investigación exploratoria, descriptiva, transversal con abordaje cuantitativo. La recolección de datos ocurrió de abril / 2017 a octubre / 2017. Resultados: fueron incluidos en el estudio 129 pacientes, de estos 65,8% eran del sexo masculino. El stent farmacológico fue más utilizado en los procedimientos con 79 (61,2%). La vía femoral predominó entre los dos sexos, con 29 (65,9%) entre mujeres y 54 (63,5%), en los hombres. Conclusiones: se observa predominio de pacientes del sexo masculino, ancianos, bajo grado de escolaridad, pardos, casados y jubilados. análisis angiográfico consistía en pacientes con despliegue predominante de (1) el tipo stent farmacológico antes de la arteria coronaria descendente y la coronaria derecha tratada como la punción de acceso con la prevalencia más alta a través de la arteria femoral.Descriptores: Intervención coronaria percutânea; Angioplastia; Infarto del miocárdio; Enfermedades cardiovasculares; Reperfusión miocárdica.

Angioplasty with Stenting in Acute Coronary Syndromes with Very Low Contrast Volume Using 6F Diagnostic Catheters and Bench Testing of Catheters

AIM: To safely perform angioplasties in acute coronary syndromes with low contrast volume using Cordis 6F diagnostic catheters and to perform mechanical bench tests on the diagnostic and guide catheters in a radial path model. METHODS: In 191 patients (242 lesions/268 stents) with acute coronary syndromes angioplasty were performed with cordis 6F diagnostic catheters. RESULTS: The lesions were present at left anterior descending (121), Left main (5), left circumflex (51), ramus (5) and right coronary artery (60). In 72% of cases, Iodixanol was used. All contrast injections were given by hand. Regular follow-up of the patients was performed at 30 days. The procedures were performed in the femoral route only. Pre-dilatation was performed in 43 cases. Successful revascularization of the target lesion was achieved in all cases. The mean contrast volume used per patient was 28 ml (± 8 ml). Mild reversible contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) was observed in two patients. Cardiogenic shock was seen in 7 cases, and one death was observed. Pushability and trackability tests showed good force transmission and hysteresis in diagnostic catheters compared to guide catheters. CONCLUSIONS: Angioplasty with stenting could be performed safely in patients using cordis 6F diagnostic catheters using a low volume of contrast in acute coronary syndromes. Low contrast volume usage would result in a lower incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy and cardiac failures.