The effectiveness of using glucose-fructose syrup for feeding bees in under cover conditions

The beekeeping practice provides for using stimulating feeding of the bee colonies in order to accelerate their growth and development. Sugar syrup is usually used to feeding bees. Despite the obvious benefits, sugar syrup use as a feed additive which has a number of disadvantages. This is due to the different origin of such syrup (beet, sugarcane, corn, fructose syrup, etc.) and, accordingly, different effects on the physiological and metabolic processes of the body and the life of bees and their colonies as a whole. In recent years, scientific research has intensified in many countries of the world to find new substitutes for sugar syrup to feed bee colonies. One of the artificial substitutes for carbohydrate feed to bees is glucose-fructose syrup content of reducing sugars close to honey and exceed to invert syrup. Glucose-fructose syrup is produced mainly from high-quality corn starch by enzymatic hydrolysis to glucose, followed by isomerization part of glucose into fructose and subsequent purification through coal core and ion exchange resins. It contains all the essential amino acids, trace elements, B vitamins, and does not require the release of a large amount of enzyme by bees, as is in the case of sugar syrup. Its use as a feed additive increases the bees life span does not lead them to expired, preserves the activity of their hypopharyngeal glands and allows to put food directly into the cells. The article presents results of the research on the effectiveness of stimulating the development of bee colonies and pollination of cucumbers in under cover conditions for using glucose-fructose syrup. It has found that for stimulating feeding of the bee colonies are used glucose-fructose syrup at the rate of 200 g per day in under cover conditions, against the background of the presence sufficient feed honey and bee bread in the nests, contributes to an increase the amount of brood grown by 13.5 % (P < 0.01) and the amount of pollen brought by them by 20.1 %.

LABORATORY STUDIES OF VIBRATION INFLUENCE ON THE PERMEABILITYOF A COAL CORE CONTAINING A THROUGH CRACK

The degassing of coal seams unloaded from rock pressure is associated with the requirement to intensify the flow of gas to degassing wells. For this purpose, a hydraulic fracturing operation is performed. The paper considers the features of the integrated intensification of coal seams’ degassing performed by hydraulic fractures in the field of seismic vibrations. The work presents the results of laboratory studies of gas permeability changes in fractured coal containing a through crack under the influence of various geomechanical compression and amplitude frequency of seismic vibrations. The obtained results provide the opportunity to evaluate the possibility of seismic vibration’s implication to intensify the degassing of non-wedged hydraulic fractures in coal mines.

Coal microstructure changes due to water absorption and CO2 injection

Value from deep coal seams—too deep for mining—can nowadays be gained through natural gas production, so-called coal bed methane (CBM) recovery. To enhance such methane production (ECBM), CO2 can be injected into such coal seams—that are also a potential sink for CO2—to mitigate climate change. During this process CO2 is absorbed into the coal matrix, which can lead to a dramatic porosity and permeability change. The underlying changes in coal microstructure—despite their obvious importance for permeability and production—are only poorly understood. The authors thus imaged coal core plugs at high spatial resolution (3.4 μm) in 3D with an X-ray micro-computed tomography. Medium rank coal plugs were cut and imaged at dry and brine saturated state, and after CO2 injection. During brine flooding the authors observed a clear and significant change in microstructure morphology; while the solid volume clearly expanded significantly (coal swelling), cleats closed and permeability was reduced dramatically.

Quality Assessment of the Permian Coals from Dighipara Basin, Bangladesh Based On Proximate, Ultimate and Microscopic Analyses

Assessment of coal quality based on proximate (volatile matter, fixed carbon, ash, moisture), ultimate (C, H, N, S, O) and microscopic (macerals, microlithotypes, coal facies) analyses of the Permian coals from the Dighipara basin, Bangladesh was carried out. A total of 11 coal core samples collected from two bore holes of Dighipara basin were analyzed. ASTM standards were followed for proximate and ultimate analyses. ICCP systems were used for the microscopic study. Thermal maturity, physical characteristics of the coal seams, gross calorific value and atomic ratios of H/C and O/C were also considered.Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 39, No. 2, 177-194, 2015