New nanostructured manganites of LaMeIICuZnMnO6 (MeII — Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba)

The copper-zinc manganites of LaMeIICuZnMnO6 (MeII — Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) have been synthesized with the high-temperature interaction of alkaline earth metals carbonates with oxides of lanthanum (III), copper (II), zinc (II) and manganese (III). The synthesized polycrystalline copper-zinc manganites have been grinded on the Retsch vibration mill MM301 (Germany). As a result their nanostructured particles have been obtained. Their sizes have been determined using an electron microscope Mira3 LMU, Tescan. Methods of radiography determined that all synthesized nanostructured copper-zinc manganites crystallize in the cubic syngony with the following parameters of a lattice: LaMgCuZnMnO6 — а = 13.530.02 Å, Vo = 2476.810.06 Å3, Z = 4, Voelect.cell = 619.200.02 Å3, roent = 4.52; pick = 4.500.01 g/cm3; LaCaCuZnMnO6 — а = 13.690.02 Å, Vo = 2565.730.06 Å3, Z = 4, Voelect.cell. = 641.430.02 Å3, roent = 4.43; pick = 4.410.01 g/cm3; LaSrCuZnMnO6 — а = 13.910.02 Å, Vo = 2691.420.06 Å3, Z = 4, Voelect.cell = 672.850.02 Å3, roent = 4.99; pick. = 4.960.01 g/cm3; LaBaCuZnMnO6 — а = 14.550.02 Å, Vo = 3080.270.06 Å3, Z = 4, Voelect.cell = 770.070.02 Å3, roent = 4.95; pick = 4.940.01 g/cm3. The X-ray investigations demonstrated that the values of lattice parameters of the studied copper-zinc manganites have been increased from Mg to Ba. As a result of the investigations, these compounds can be included in Pm3m spatial group.

Valorization of Aluminum Dross with Copper via High Temperature Melting to Produce Al-Cu Alloys

The valorization of aluminum dross for Al recovery was performed via its mixing with metallic copper to produce Al-Cu alloys. This approach was with the intention of establishing a new smelting process to treat the dross with Cu scrap use. To evaluate the high temperature interaction of the materials, the wettability of a Cu-containing aluminum alloy with the non-metallic components of the dross was studied by the sessile drop method. It was found that the wetting was weak via temperature changes at 973–1373 K, and consequently no proper metal separation occurred. To better separate the metallic and non-metallic phases with larger density differences, a higher Cu portion was considered to obtain a significantly denser metallic phase, and it was found that partial separation of the Al in an Al-Cu alloy is possible. The complete separation of the metallic components of the dross was, however, experienced by the dross and copper melting with the addition of pre-melted calcium aluminate slags at elevated temperatures. It was found that Al-Cu alloys were produced and separated from the adjacent slags, and the aluminum oxide of the dross ended up in the slag phase. Moreover, the characteristics of the produced slags depend on the process charge.

Investigation of Two Immiscible Liquids Wetting at Elevated Temperature: Interaction Between Liquid FeMn Alloy and Liquid Slag

The goal of the current work is to develop a methodology to study the wetting behaviour of two immiscible liquids at high temperatures, and to investigate the parameters which influence the wetting properties. The wetting behaviour between synthetic FeMn alloy and synthetic slag has been investigated using the sessile drop technique. Two experimental procedures were implemented under both Ar and CO atmospheres: (a) FeMn alloy and slag placed next to each other on a graphite substrate; and (b) one droplet dropped on top of the other. FactSage is applied to calculate reactions and their equilibrium. The current work presents and demonstrates the suggested methodologies. The results indicate that the wetting between slag and FeMn alloy is relatively stable at temperatures up to 100 K above their melting points, regardless of the droplet size and atmosphere. MnO reduction is accelerated at higher temperature, especially in CO, thus increasing the wetting between FeMn alloy and slag, eventually fusing together. At even higher temperature, slag separates from FeMn alloy due to changing chemical composition during non-equilibrium MnO reduction.

Wheat Developmental Traits as Affected by the Interaction between Eps-7D and Temperature under Contrasting Photoperiods with Insensitive Ppd-D1 Background

Earliness per se (Eps) genes are important to fine tune adaptation, and studying their probable pleiotropic effect on wheat yield traits is worthwhile. In addition, it has been shown that some Eps genes interact with temperature and therefore determining the likely Eps × temperature interaction is needed for each newly identified Eps gene. We studied two NILs differing in the newly identified Eps-7D (carrying insensitive Ppd-D1 in the background) under three temperature regimes (9, 15 and 18 °C) and two photoperiods (12 and 24 h). Eps-7D affected time to anthesis as expected and the Eps-7D-late allele extended both the period before and after terminal spikelet. The interaction effect of Eps-7D × temperature was significant but not cross-over: the magnitude and level of significance of the difference between NILs with the late or early allele was affected by the growing temperature (i.e., difference was least at 18 °C and largest at 9 °C), and the differences caused due to temperature sensitivity were influenced by photoperiod. The rate of leaf initiation was faster in NIL with Eps-7D-early than with the late allele which compensated for the shorter duration of leaf initiation resulting in similar final leaf number between two NILs. Eps-7D-late consistently increased spike fertility through improving floret primordia survival as a consequence of extending the late reproductive phase.

Synthesis and biological activity of 2-[6-methyl-4-(thietan-3-yloxy)pyrimidin-2-ylthio]acetohydrazide derivatives

The synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of new 2-[6-methyl-4-(thietan-3-yloxy)pyrimidin-2-ylthio]acetohydrazide derivatives was investigated. According to the literature, there are a lot of antimicrobial agents among the pyrimidines and hydrazides, and therefore it seems promising to use 2-[6-methyl-4-(thietan-3-yloxy)pyrimidin-2-ylthio]acetohydrazide as a base object for synthesizing new biologically active substances. 2-[6-methyl-4-(thietan-3-yloxy)pyrimidin-2-ylthio]acetohydrazide was obtained by the hydrazinolysis of ethyl thioacetate, using a 3-fold molar excess of 85 % hydrazine hydrate in ethanol, at room temperature. Interaction of 2-[6-methyl-4-(thietan-3-yloxy)pyrimidin-2-ylthio]­acetohydrazide with ketones during boiling in ethanol yielded N-ylidenehydrazides. The solid obtained by concentration was collected, and then purified by recrystallization. The new compounds were characterized by 1H, 13C NMR, IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the new compounds were analysed using agar diffusion and tenfold broth (pH 7.2 – 7.4) dilution methods, in comparison with the clinical used drugs, ceftriaxone and Pimafucin. The structure–activity studies showed that, depending on the nature of the hydrazide fragment, the newly synthesized compounds exhibited varying degrees of microbial inhibition. Within the same series the antimicrobial activity depends on the nature of the substituent attached to the benzene ring. The investigation of antibacterial screening data revealed that the compounds Nʹ-[1-(4-aminophenyl)ethylidene]-2-[6-methyl-4-(thietan-3-yloxy)pyrimidin-2-ylthio]acetohydrazide, Nʹ-[1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]-2-[6-methyl-4-(thi­­etan­-3-yloxy)pyrimidin-2-ylthio]acetohydrazide, Nʹ-[1- (2,5-dihydroxyphenyl) ethylidene]-2-[6-methyl-4-(thietan-3-yloxy)-pyrimidin-2-ylthio]acetohydrazide were found to be more potent than the other synthesized analogues.