Synthesis and biological activity of 2-[6-methyl-4-(thietan-3-yloxy)pyrimidin-2-ylthio]acetohydrazide derivatives

The synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of new 2-[6-methyl-4-(thietan-3-yloxy)pyrimidin-2-ylthio]acetohydrazide derivatives was investigated. According to the literature, there are a lot of antimicrobial agents among the pyrimidines and hydrazides, and therefore it seems promising to use 2-[6-methyl-4-(thietan-3-yloxy)pyrimidin-2-ylthio]acetohydrazide as a base object for synthesizing new biologically active substances. 2-[6-methyl-4-(thietan-3-yloxy)pyrimidin-2-ylthio]acetohydrazide was obtained by the hydrazinolysis of ethyl thioacetate, using a 3-fold molar excess of 85 % hydrazine hydrate in ethanol, at room temperature. Interaction of 2-[6-methyl-4-(thietan-3-yloxy)pyrimidin-2-ylthio]­acetohydrazide with ketones during boiling in ethanol yielded N-ylidenehydrazides. The solid obtained by concentration was collected, and then purified by recrystallization. The new compounds were characterized by 1H, 13C NMR, IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the new compounds were analysed using agar diffusion and tenfold broth (pH 7.2 – 7.4) dilution methods, in comparison with the clinical used drugs, ceftriaxone and Pimafucin. The structure–activity studies showed that, depending on the nature of the hydrazide fragment, the newly synthesized compounds exhibited varying degrees of microbial inhibition. Within the same series the antimicrobial activity depends on the nature of the substituent attached to the benzene ring. The investigation of antibacterial screening data revealed that the compounds Nʹ-[1-(4-aminophenyl)ethylidene]-2-[6-methyl-4-(thietan-3-yloxy)pyrimidin-2-ylthio]acetohydrazide, Nʹ-[1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]-2-[6-methyl-4-(thi­­etan­-3-yloxy)pyrimidin-2-ylthio]acetohydrazide, Nʹ-[1- (2,5-dihydroxyphenyl) ethylidene]-2-[6-methyl-4-(thietan-3-yloxy)-pyrimidin-2-ylthio]acetohydrazide were found to be more potent than the other synthesized analogues.

UNIVERSAL ENERGY-SAVING DESIGN BASED ON RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

The aim of the research is to ensure energy and, as a result, environmental safety of regions with non-traditional energy supply by developing reliable and sustainable structures using renewable energy sources. The main objectives of the research are: to study the experience in the field of obtaining and using wind and solar energy, as well as its combination; to justify the need to use environmentally friendly methods of generating electricity; to develop a standard design and management system based on renewable energy sources; calculation of electrical circuits for obtaining, storing and transporting energy from natural sources. The method of solving the research tasks is: theoretical analysis, systematization, comparison and correction of new and previously obtained data on the possibility of using existing products; development of a modular design that takes into account the possibility of reconfiguration of the component base; object modeling using simplified models. It is worth noting that in the conditions of rapid growth in global energy consumption, a strong and reliable design consisting of standard elements allows you to compensate for energy consumption in various industries of low power production, as well as generate and store energy in areas where there is a need for it.

Applicatives

Applicative constructions (henceforth, “applicatives”) allow languages to express what otherwise would be expressed as an oblique participant as a core object participant. For instance, in Hakha Lai, a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in western Burma, a comitative participant (“with X”) may be obliquely marked, as in the sentence lawthlawpaa=hee ka-kal “I went with the farmer.” In this sentence an oblique comitative is expressed via the clitic postposition =hee (“with”). The verb stem kal “go” is prefixed with a first-person singular participant marker, ka-. Hakha Lai alternatively may express comitative participants by means of a bare, non-oblique object noun phrase, as in the sentence lawthlawpaa ka-kal-pii “I went with the farmer.” In this version, note that the verb is suffixed by -pii, the comitative applicative marker. We can refer to the object in the second sentence as the applicative object. The oblique comitative in the first sentence is syntactically distinct from a normal transitive object in many respects; the comitative in the second sentence, on the other hand, is syntactically identical to a normal transitive object. The term “applicative” is also used for cases in which only the verbally marked variant is possible, although not all researchers would regard such formations as true applicatives. More recently, the term “applicative” has been extended (in the Generative theoretical literature) to refer to other cases of constructions involving multiple objects, including instances where there is no verbal applicative marker and even instances where the objects in question do not bear the same case. Much of the research on applicatives has focused on aspects of their synchronic morphosyntax. In particular, treatments of the phenomenon in specific languages have concentrated on the status of the object that appears in the applicative with respect to an alternative oblique instantiation for such a participant and with respect to normal transitive objects. A further major issue has been the status of additional objects, including the object representing a P participant associated with the basic predicate, widely referred to as the base object, vis-à-vis an applicative object, or the object associated with the applicative marking morphology. A handful of studies have attempted to treat the grammaticalization sources for applicative constructions, in particular the morphology signaling the construction on the verb. Finally, a few studies have attempted to evaluate the function of applicatives in running discourse.

Content-Based Image Retrieval Using Shape Features

This chapter presents CBIR methodologies for extracting geometric and margin features of objects in images and constructed as feature vector. This approach is unique in nature as the size of the feature is relatively small and capable of discriminating the query object with the data base object. These geometric features measure the object characteristics in terms of its shape and margin. Manhattan distance is used for measuring the similarity between query images and the database images for retrieving relevant images from the database.

Research of State-Base Object-Oriented Software Testing

This paper has explored the characteristic of objected-oriented programming languages and its impact on software testing. Has summarized the main contents of object-oriented software testing, hierarchical testing and approaches for designing the test case. Has discussing the current situation and the future development of object-oriented software testing technology.

Haptic Augmentation Utilizing the Reaction Force of a Base Object

A haptic device is one of the interfaces promising as a human-computer interaction tool that provides users with information in a virtual reality environment. The proposed haptic augmentation presents the force response of an object by combining the force generated from a haptic device against the force response generated from the base object, which has material properties similar to those of the target object. In this paper, the concept of a haptic augmentation technique is described and the prototype of a haptic augmentation system is developed. Frequency characteristics and experiments by human participants show that the proposed method has better performance than a traditional device-only method.