Human machine interface (HMI) based on a multi-agent system in a water purification plant

The applications of multi-agent systems (MAS) are growing increasingly in the industrial field due to the advantages inherent to their characteristics and properties, the use of distributed automation architectures, which have satisfactorily solved control problems that its complexity and dynamic behavior have not been properly resolved with other approaches under these conditions, intelligent agents must meet the requirements of current automation systems, such as autonomy, flexibility, reconfiguration, in concurrent and collaborative systems, which traditionally do not have been designed to satisfy these characteristics. In the present work, a distributed architecture is proposed for the design of an intelligent agent in a Human-Machine Interface (HMI) for the supervision of the filtering stage of a water purification plant, characterized by the ability to collaborate with the other agents that make up the entire plant. For the projection and design of the system, the Unified Modeling Language (UML) and Petri nets (PN) are used for the simulation and validation of the system, and the implementation of the agent from macros in C language, starting from a methodology of multi-agent design that is applied in this document. The implementation of the intelligent agent in an HMI associated with multi-agent architecture, which allowed to evaluate its behavior through the analysis of the properties of the PN and experimental tests, demonstrating the correct operation of the device, response times and its dynamic behavior based on of the functional requirements of the water purification plant and comparisons with similar works.

Comparative exergy and energy assessment of a biogas plant with biological purification process: A multigeneration system

The improved systems of biogas production usually increase the energy consumption of biogas plants. Therefore, it is very important to determine an appropriate improvement system to increase plant efficiency. For this purpose, a biogas plant with a biological self-purification system was energetically and exergetically analyzed, and its performance was compared with that of a base plant. To keep the temperature of digesters up to 310.2 K, a solar water heater was used. It was able to maintain a high level of efficiency for both plants. The energy analysis of the plants indicated that the overall energetic efficiency of both plants was very close. The exergy analysis of the plants showed that the overall exergetic efficiency of the self-purification biogas plant (76.24%) was higher than that of the base plant (66.78%). This is due to the fact that the total exergy destruction rate of the self-purification plant was lower than that of the base plant and the exergy rate of biogas output of the self-purification plant was higher than that of the base plant. The exergy analyses of both plant components showed that although the highest exergy destruction rates were attributed to the principle digester and separation unit, they showed the highest exergetic improvement potential rates. These results confirm that the digesters in biogas plants have a great potential to be improved exergetically, and the self-purification system is a suitable improvement system to increase the plant efficiency exergetically.

TREATING WASTE SLUDGE FROM WATER-PURIFICATION PLANTS WITH THE GEOPOLYMERIZATION METHOD

Treatment of the sludge from water-purification plants is becoming more and more urgent due to the inability to increase its storage area. To avoid CO2 emissions, the use of non-Portland cement binders is recommended. The application of geopolymerization of waste sludge (WS) from water-purification plants is a novel solution. Curing conditions including high temperature, pressure or microwaves enhance the formation of geopolymer bonds. This paper presents the results of a research on the treatment of the WS of the Thu Duc water-purification plant (Vietnam) with the geopolymerization method. Solid phases were prepared by mixing the WS and fly ash (FA). The FA proportions of the solid phases were (10, 40, 70) w/%. The alkali-activated solution (AAS) was a mixture of a 40 w/% NaOH 6M solution and 60 w/% water glass (WG: Na2O.nSiO2 with n = 1.75 and volumetric density r = 1.40 kg/L). The geopolymer materials were mixtures containing an 80 w/% solid phase and a 20 w/% liquid phase of the AAS. Geopolymer samples were formed in a cylindrical steel mold with a diameter of 10 mm at a high pressure. The samples were cured in a 112 W microwave oven for 30 s or in a dryer at 110 °C for 24 h. The compressive strength and volumetric density of both sample groups were determined and compared to each other. The formation of geopolymer bonds was investigated using XRD, FTIR and SEM.

Improving the ZnO-photocatalytic degradation of humic acid using powdered residuals from water purification plant

Alum residuals were collected from a water treatment plant and used for improving the photocatalytic degradation of humic acid (HA) by combinations of zinc oxide (ZnO) and powdered residuals from water purification plant (PRWPP). The influence of operating conditions such as initial humic acid concentration, pH, irradiation time, PRWPP to ZnO ratio, catalyst dose, and light illuminance have been investigated. The optimum PRWPP to ZnO ratio was 10:90. Using the prepared composites instead of bare ZnO raised the HA removal efficiency from 85.5% to 97.8%, and from 38% to 48.1% at catalyst doses of 1.2 g/l and 0.4 g/l, respectively. Moreover, it reduced energy consumption from 210.4 to 166.2 Wh per mg of HA. An artificial neural network model (ANN) was developed to predict the removal efficiency under different operating conditions. The optimum ANN structure yielded a coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.993). Modified Langmuir-Hinshelwood pseudo-first-order model was used for describing the degradation kinetics at different initial concentrations of HA.

Karakterisasi Biogas Hasil Pemurnian dengan Down-Up Purifier Termodifikasi

Biogas is a combustible gas produced from the fermentation process of organic materials by anaerobic bacteria. Biogas can be made by using a digester. A digester is a place where the process of decomposing organic matter by bacteria. The result of biogas still contains impurity gases, so that the quality of biogas is not good. Therefore, efforts to filter the gas are necessary. The purifier is a device to filter a gas. The use of purifiers in a series of digester installations aims to filter out unnecessary gases. The purpose of this research is to design a down-up purifier type biogas purification plant, to determine the changes in substrate characteristics during fermentation and conduct a gas quality test after purification. The results showed that the biogas installation type down-up purifier was designed and assembled using 150 liter drums for gas digesters and reservoirs, 1/2 inch hoses for connecting, 2 purifiers for purification and activated charcoal adsorbents. The C/N ratio is 36.37, an average substrate temperature of 28.62^oC and an average pH of 5.9. Initial and final Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) values are 960.12 mg/l and 9.312.53 mg/l. The initial and final Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) values are 313,500.00 mg/l and 29,100.00 mg/l. Then Total Solid (TS) decreased by 1.45% and Volatile Solid (VS) increased by 0.21%. The use of activated charcoal adsorbents in the two purifiers can reduce CO₂ gas content by 83.79% in biogas with the most optimal purification time of 60 minutes.

Pollutant Sources and Foaming Control Measures of Decarbonization Solution in Natural Gas Purification Plant

Yanbei project of Schlumberger Copower Oilfield Engineering Co., Ltd. - natural gas purification plant decarbonization unit is equipped with two sets of decarbonization systems (parallel operation). The two sets of systems adopt two tower process, full lean liquid circulation regeneration process, one tower absorption (absorption pressure 5.4mpag), one tower regeneration (regeneration temperature 95 oC~ 110 oC), purified natural gas carbon dioxide content <= 2.5vol%, single set The treatment capacity is 2300 KM3 / d. This paper introduces the problems existing in the decarbonization solution of the decarbonization unit in the natural gas purification plant in recent three years, analyzes the causes of pollutants affecting the quality of the decarbonization solution, and probes into the control measures for the pollution of the decarbonization solution, so as to provide reference.