Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Instrumentation of the Technological Process of the Activated Carbon Material Production

The article discusses significance of the development of activated carbon materials with a high specific surface area and high porosity. The features of the course of chemical activation and the factors influencing the characteristics of the obtained material have been established. The main stages of the activation of the carbon material, including the preliminary raw carbon material carbonization, its alkaline activation, and the post-processing of the created material, have been determined. The mutual influence of temperature and flow rate of an inert gas on the characteristics of a carbon material obtained with a BET specific surface in the range of 2550–2700 m2/g is experimentally investigated. The analysis of the obtained results has been carried out. Recommendations are given for reducing ambiguity and uncertainty during the transition from laboratory research to pilot production. The resulting activated carbon material can be used as a sorbent in gas purification systems, gas accumulators and for solving various environmental problems.

High Temperature Continuous Gas Purification and Graphitization System and Process for Carbon Particulate Materials

With the continuous development of modern science and technology, more and more new materials have been applied to production and life. As a new material, carbon granular material is made of carbon, graphite materials and other various raw materials with high carbon content through a series of processing technologies. China is one of the most widely used carbon materials in the world. The purpose of this paper is to optimize and enhance the application effect of carbon materials and promote the construction of a new economic model of energy conservation and emission reduction in China. The specific research is as follows:

Intensification of heat and mass transfer of the gas channel of the multi-temperature condensation filter

The principle of operation and features of hydrodynamics and heat-mass transfer in the working channel of a multi-temperature condensation filter for gas purification are described. Promising methods of gas flow purification using porous surfaces are described. The modeling and comparison of the laminar air flow in channels of various shapes: in a flat channel, in a channel with webs and in a spiral channel are performed. An analysis of their effectiveness is carried out.

Research and application of natural zeolite in the processes of gas purification and drying

This article describes the adsorption capability of natural zeolites for the purification and dehydration of natural gases. Studies were carried out with natural clinoptilolite treated with various cadmium and titanium solutions. Zeolite-containing rocks were used as a natural adsorbent and experiments using a synthetic CaA zeolite were also carried for comparison. The experiments showed that zeolite from the Ai-Dag deposits possesses the highest activity in terms of sulfur compound. Its activity is closer to that of synthetic CaA zeolite. Studies showed that natural zeolites and adsorbents obtained on their basis allow the gas to be dehydrated to a dew point temperature of minus 40-45 °C. This is sufficient to prepare gas for transportation directly from the fields under any climatic conditions. Keywords: gas dehydration; zeolite; adsorbent; sulfur compounds.

Application analysis of layered pressure swing adsorption method for offshore floating natural gas purification

In view of the particularity of offshore operations, a new layered pressure swing adsorption (PSA) method for natural gas purification was proposed. CH4 is enriched in the three-component CH4/CO2/N2 crude mixed gas. The pressure swing adsorption process is based on the traditional method. The adsorption bed is divided into two layers, which are the first layer with activated carbon as the adsorbent to remove CO2 impurities, and the second layer with molecular sieve as adsorbent to remove N2 impurities. The process of PSA was simulated by Aspen Adsorption software. The simulation results show that after the process of double layered PSA, the purity of the product gas CH4 reached 98.7%, and the recovery rate of gas production was 89%. The concentration of CO2 was successfully reduced to 0.23% in the activated carbon layer, and the concentration of N2 was reduced to 1.2% in the molecular sieve layer of the first Tower.

Investigation of the characteristics of a marine diesel engine when running on fuel with a water additive

Currently, environmental specifications of marine diesel engines become more stringent. There are two well-known and popular ways to improve engine environmental performance: the internal method is based on operation process improvement, as well as on the use of various fuel additives or air supply to the diesel cylinder. Another method is external (gas purification using catalysts and filters). The article considers one of these possible ways of reducing nitrogen oxides in marine diesel engines by using a water agent in fuel with various water phase dispersion degrees. The high-speed characteristics of the ship engine operation under various modes using “L” brand diesel fuel and emulsions are given. Studies have shown that when converting diesel from pure fuel to a microheterogenous emulsion (water inclusions’ diameter 5-10 microns), the concentration of NOx decreased by 1.4 times, fuel consumption increased by (4-5) g/(kWh), with an increase in the maximum combustion pressure by 0.7 MPa. The tests have confirmed the effectiveness of using a microheterogenous emulsion to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions.

Reduction o Air Pollution from Fine Dust by Increasing Efficiency of Gas Emission Purification Sintering Furnaces

The installation of an additional stage of the "wet" waste gas purification unit at the alumina sintering furnaces ensured the achievement of a high degree of purification of gas emissions from fine impurities up to 96 % and the standards of maximum permissible emissions of solid pollutants into the atmosphere established for an industrial enterprise. The formed slude after gas cleaning is proposed to be sent for further processing to the hydrochemistry workshop, thereby ensuring its disposal without contamination of the natural environment. The analysis of air pollution indicators confirmed a decrease in emissions of solid pollutants in the atmospheric air of Achinsk.