ON THE CHANGE OF VALUES OF POSTNOMINATIVE APPENDICES IN THE PROCESS OF TRANSFORMATION IN THE MODERN ENGLISH

Article deals with the changes of the meanings of the post nominal adjectives in the process of transformation in the modern English language. On the basis of the linguoculturological approach and the method of linguistic analysis, the characteristic features of the change in the meanings of post-nominative adjectives in the English language have been revealed. In the English language the adjectives can perform the function of predicative. For the semantics of the adjectives which have the predicative function, these adjectives are characterized by inner qualitative diversity. Mainly, qualitative adjectives refer to classical predication and denote the feature of the object directly. Such adjectives have more features of predication. The predicative sign of the adjective, the presence of a connotation of subjective assessment determines its semantics and use. There are differences between the constructions used in the predicate function in phrases that perform the function of the subject and in the altered form of word phrases related attributively and predicatively. The predicative relation is the immunest form of syntactic connection and in predicative connectives the structural restriction in comparison with attributive constructions is extremely limited. Adjectives as predicative words do not have denotation and reference, they have no denoter, there is a signification. Basing on their indicative characteristics, it is possible to present all the possible semantic features. For the English language it is characteristic the use of the attribute before the defined word. The development from a special sign of thought to a general concept is characteristic for the whole structure of the English language; it is even possible to observe it in word formation. In most cases, taking into account the use of the adjective in the function of an attribute, the terms like postpositional (post nominal) and prepositional (prenominal) adjectives are used. The reasons for the change in the position of adjectives should be sought not always in the nature of the adjective, but in the degree to which it determines its referent. The semes that make up the meaning of the word are at different levels and are more or less stable. In adjectives, the nuclear seme, or subseme, is always found next to the differential seme. In other words, the adjective cannot be combined with nouns in all semantic groups. When an adjective is combined with a noun, a background is formed that allows or prevents the actualization of a particular seme. This causes the activation of a specific seme associated with the semantics of the given name in combination with the given name. Such semes are reflected in the join semantics. The opposite can also be said. The adjective itself chooses the noun for word formation. After all, the same adjective behaves differently in relation to transformation into different attributive complexes. In our opinion, adjectives act as an important restrictive informative element at the content level.

DEVELOPMENT OF BONE ARROWHEADS IN THE UPPER VOLGA LOWLAND IN VII V CAL BC: A CASE STUDY OF THE MULTILAYER SITE ZAMOSTJE 2

Охотничий инвентарь и, в первую очередь, наконечники метательного вооружения являются наиболее информативным элементом культуры в древнем обществе. В позднем мезолите и раннем неолите Верхнего Поволжья наблюдается большое разнообразие костяных наконечников стрел, отражающее локальные особенности местного и/или пришлого населения. На примере материалов стоянки Замостье 2 (306 экз.) рассмотрены изменения основных типов наконечников в период с начала VII по конец V тыс. cal BC выделены характерные формы изделий для пяти культурных слоев (двух слоев позднего, а также слоев финального мезолита, верхневолжской и льяловской культур раннего и среднего неолита) и предложена типолого хронологическая схема развития наконечников стрел для поселения Замостье 2 и прилегающих территорий. Hunting equipment and, in the first place, projectile points are the most informative element of culture in ancient society. In the Late Mesolithic and Early Neolithic of the Upper Volga region, a large variety of bone arrowheads is observed, which reflects the local features of the indigenous and / or newcomer population. Using the materials from the site Zamostje 2 (306 items), we examined changes in the main types of arrowheads from the beginning of 7th to the end of the 5th millennium cal BC. The revealed characteristic forms of arrowheads for the five cultural layers (Late and Final Mesolithic, Upper Volga and Lyalovo Early and Middle Neolithic cultures) served as the basis for the proposed typologicalchronological scheme of arrowheads development for the Zamostje 2 settlement and adjacent territories.

Imaji Pop Surealisme Figur Gendut Dalam Lukisan

Tulisan ini mengangkat figur gendut sebagai ide dasar penciptaan seni lukis dengan menggunakan gaya pop surealisme. Penggabungan antara daya imajinasi tentang figur gendut dengan berbagai permasalahan yang bisa diangkat dari figur merupakan sebuah jalan dalam menciptakan karya-karya yang unik, terkadang satir, serta jenaka. Bentuk-bentuk kartunal yang digunakan dalam membuat figur gendut dan figur-figur lainnya merupakan satu tujuan khusus agar karya yang disampaikan memiliki unsur yang informatif terhadap para apresian. Menjadi gendut bagi setiap manusia yang mengalaminya sebenarnya bukan sebuah keinginan. Melalui berbagai perjalanan masa atau era yang bergulir hingga saat ini, persoalan tentang tubuh telah menuju pada bentuk yang indah dan ideal. Kecantikan dan ketampanan pada saat ini juga diukur pada orang-orang yang memiliki bentuk tubuh yang “normal” dan ramping. Bagi orang-orang yang memiliki kelebihan berat badan, tentunya jika diukur pada hal tersebut sangatlah tidak cocok. Figur gendut saat ini seperti diposisikan pada ruang yang sulit untuk mengeluarkan rasa percaya dirinya dalam menampik tentang apa yang diungkapkan di atas. Faktor kaum kapitalis dalam mendorong hadirnya pemikiran baru untuk hidup sehat tanpa menjadi gendut, juga semakin mengecilkan semangat orang-orang yang bertubuh gendut. Jika dilihat dari segi kesehatan, mungkin gendut terkesan seperti orang yang suka tidur, malas bekerja, dan sebagainya. Gendut berbeda dengan obesitas, karena obesitas merupakan penyakit kelebihan lemak di atas rata-rata yang membuat tubuh tak mampu mencerna makanan dalam berskala besar serta asupan makanan yang dikonsumsinya memiliki kalori yang sangat besar, sedangkan gendut merupakan kelebihan berat badan. Di sisi lain gendut memiliki banyak kelebihan yang berguna dalam memajukan hidupnya dan mewujudkan cita-citanya. The Images of Pop Surealism: Fat Figures on Painting. This paper elevates the fat figures as the basic idea of painting creation by using pop surrealism style. The merging of the imagination of the fat figure with the various problems that can be lifted from the figure is a way to create unique works, sometimes satire, and funny. The cartoonous forms used in making fat figures and other figures are a special purpose for the work being delivered to have an informative element on the apresians. Being overweight for every human being is absolutely not anyone’s desires. Through a variety of era of the rolling period to the present time, a matter of the body shape has led to a beautiful and ideal shape. Nowdays, beauty and good looks are a standard measured for people with "normal" and slim body. For people who are overweight, of course, this standard is not suitable. The current fat figure is positioned in a space where it is difficult to expend his confidence in dismissing what is described above. The capitalist factor encourages the emergence of new ideas for healthy living without becoming fat, also further discourages the people of the fat body. Being viewed in terms of health, the obese people seem like those who like to sleep, lazy to work, and so forth. Fat is different from obesity, because obesity is a disease of excess fat above the average that makes the body is unable to digest food in a large scale and intake of food has a very large calories, while the fat is overweight. On the other hand, fat has many useful advantages in advancing his life and realize his ideals.

Can information theory explain early word choice

ABSTRACTOne problem of interest in child language study has been specifying what features of the speech situation determine what children will say. Several cognitively based approaches to child language development have proposed principles of ‘informativeness’ to explain the child's choice of word(s). These principles predict that the child will choose the ‘most informative’ element of a situation and encode it in speech. Detailed inspection of this view reveals that the notion of ‘informativeness’ is not rigorously denned as in information theory, and would require the development of formal semantic and pragmatic information theories. Simpler accounts of available data do not require the notion of ‘information’.