Design and Bench-Scale Hydrodynamic Testing of Thin-Layer Wavy Photobioreactors

In a thin-volume photobioreactor where a concentrated suspension of microalgae is circulated throughout the established spatial irradiance gradient, microalgal cells experience a time-variable irradiance. Deploying this feature is the most convenient way of obtaining the so-called “flashing light” effect, improving biomass production in high irradiance. This work investigates the light flashing features of sloping wavy photobioreactors, a recently proposed type, by introducing and validating a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. Two characteristic flow zones (straight top-to-bottom stream and local recirculation stream), both effective toward light flashing, have been found and characterized: a recirculation-induced frequency of 3.7 Hz and straight flow-induced frequency of 5.6 Hz were estimated. If the channel slope is increased, the recirculation area becomes less stable while the recirculation frequency is nearly constant with flow rate. The validated CFD model is a mighty tool that could be reliably used to further increase the flashing frequency by optimizing the design, dimensions, installation, and operational parameters of the sloping wavy photobioreactor.

Hydrodynamic Light Flashing in Thin Layer Wavy Photobioreactors

In a thin-volume photobioreactor where a concentrated suspension of microalgae is circulated throughout the established spatial irradiance gradient, microalgal cells experience a time-variable irradiance. Deploying this feature is the most convenient way of obtaining the so-called “flashing light” effect, improving biomass production in high irradiance. This work investigates the light flashing features of sloping wavy photobioreactors, a recently proposed type, by introducing and validating a Computational Fluid Dynamics model. Two characteristic flow zones (straight top-bottom stream and local recirculation stream), both effective toward light flashing, have been found and characterised: a recirculation-induced frequency of 3.7 Hz and straight flow-induced frequency of 5.6 Hz were estimated. If the channel slope is increased, the recirculation area becomes less stable while the recirculation frequency is nearly constant with flow rate. The validated CFD model is a mighty tool that could be reliably used to further increase the flashing frequency by optimising the design, the dimensions, the installation and the operational parameters of the sloping wavy photobioreactor.

ANALYSIS OF COMPANY PERFORMANCE AND AUDIT OPINIONS IN INDONESIAN FOOD AND BEVERAGES COMPANIES

This paper analyzes relationship between company performance and audit opinion. We use some financial ratios as measurement of firm’s performance such as liquidity, efficiency, profitability, market measurement and cash flows. This study uses food and beverages companies listed in Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) for five consecutive years from 2009 until 2013 as our sample data. Panel data analyses are used to regress our empirical model. After controlling with size of company and macroeconomics variables namely inflation rate and movement of Indonesian currency exchange rate against US dollar, we find that firm’s liquidity, profitability, market ratios and company cash flow significantly affect the audit opinion. Large firm size does not influence the audit opinion significantly, meanwhile both macro economic variables inflation rate and exchange rate link negatively with audit opinion however do not significantly affect the opinion. Thin volume of transactions in foreign currency among these companies might lead to non-significant effect between audit opinion and exchange rate.

Book Review: Becoming a Reflective Librarian and Teacher

Reale opens her thin volume by introducing the notion that learning doesn’t come just from experts but from our own experiences, which are a foundation for our learning and teaching. She notes that reflective practice helps us understand not only our world and our place in it, but also how to navigate the “conflation” of our personal and professional selves (xviii).In the early chapters, Reale explores the need to be reflective both for our own practice and also as a means of inspiring reflective learners. Chapter 3 specifically looks at the necessity and benefit of a reflective practice that allows us to address our doubts, insecurities, frustrations as well as our triumphs and discoveries.

Book Review: Becoming an Embedded Librarian: Making Connections in the Classroom

Reale opens her thin volume with a look at how librarianship has changed, expressing frustration about continued stereotypes of librarians on the sidelines waiting to serve. She defines “embedded librarianship,” narrowing the focus of her study specifically to librarians physically embedded within a classroom, working equally and collaboratively with the subject area professor. Subsequent chapters discuss the value of attending classes as the place where learning actually happens, collaborating with professors and students, and shifting the focus from a passive support role to an active participant in scholarship within the “laboratory” of the classroom. Later chapters provide guidelines for librarians who wish to implement the embedded model, making suggestions for how to establish one’s role and brand, create a teaching style, identify tools, and set goals.

Die poësie van Olga Kirsch: Tuiskoms in vreemdelingskap / The Poetry of Olga Kirsch: Homecoming in Exile

In writing my article on the poetry of Olga Kirsch I proceed from each poet’s consciousness of the relationship of tension between his humanity and the art he practises. In the case of Olga Kirsch this inner discord was rendered in her humanity. As second recognised Afrikaans woman poet, after Elisabeth Eybers, she was Jewish by birth and English-speaking, although by her own claim Afrikaans, through her environment and school, was stronger than the English of her parental home. In Olga Kirsch’s debut volume Die soeklig (1944) she professes the youthful heart’s restless longing for romantic love in poems still far too trapped in clichéd language. I linger extensively at these so that the great breakthrough of her talent in her second volume, Mure van die hart (1948), can be clearly evident. In strong, stripped-down poems she expresses the Zionistic longing of the Jew in the diaspora for the lost homeland, intensified by the Jewish suffering in the Second World War, with specific reference to the Holocaust in “Die wandelende Jood” and “Koms van die Messias.” After Kirsch’s emigration to Israel in 1948 a silence of twenty-four years followed which was unexpectedly interrupted with the 1972 publication of a thin volume, Negentien gedigte, which impressed especially with “Vyf sonette aan my vader,” which I discuss in detail. In 1975 she visited her native land again and the direct contact with Afrikaans and with the country acted as stimulus for her volume Geil gebied of 1976. The “geil gebied” (fertile area) is a metaphor for the rich subsoil of the poem and for the poem itself. In my discussion of Negentien gedigte and Geil gebied I concentrate on her inner dividedness as being inherently part of her human nature, enhanced by the knowledge that she remained irrevocably attached to her native land and to her Jewish homeland. I point out that the only way she can be healed of this dividedness is by writing her another self in her poems in which she arrives home in both countries, the omnipresence of God and the presence of the beloved husband. Lastly I indicate Olga Kirsch’s enduring place in the Afrikaans tradition of poetry through her procreative influence on other poets or by the way they relate to her poetry.

Le Nomenclator de Robert Constantin (1555), première bibliographie française ?

Even if one can discover lists of books that were printed in France before 1555, the Nomenclator seems to be the first work solely devoted to bibliographic inventory ever printed on French soil. Yet it is a relatively unknown publication – issuing from an unfamiliar hand. This thin volume, of fewer than 200 pages has not interested critics until now. Before presenting the materiality and problematic of this small in octavo, so modest when compared to the enormous in folio published by Gesner ten years earlier from which it derives, this article describes the personality and the works of R. Constantin, a preeminent Hellenist, born at Caen in 1530, and author of the Nomenclator, his first printed work. A friend of Daléchamps and a man interested in medical works, Constantin is linked to the new humanist scene. The precise analysis of the bibliographic work, title, sources, and references present in the Nomenclator show the scholarly tastes and reformed convictions of its author. This analysis also brings to light the hierarchy of bodies of knowledge and authors. Lastly, it demonstrates the ambition of its young author, namely: recognition within the humanist environment. This article concludes with a study of the reception of this first bibliography, once famous in the past.