Changes in food habits amongst Norwegian adolescents in 2016 and 2019 according to gender and socioeconomic status

Background: Monitoring dietary habits is important in order to identify risk groups and as a basis for targeted public health initiatives. Objective: To study trends in consumption of selected foods and beverages from 2016 to 2019 amongst Norwegian adolescents according to gender and parental education. Design: Repeated cross-sectional study amongst 25,996 adolescents, aged 14–17 years old. Consumption of selected food and beverages was measured by an online food frequency questionnaire and general linear models were applied to estimate changes in dietary habits. Results: Between 2016 and 2019, we observed a reduced frequency of consumption of vegetables (from 4.7 to 4.4 times/week), fruit and berries (from 4.4 to 4.2 times/week), whole-grain bread (from 5.1 to 4.2 times/week), and fish (from 2.3 to 1.6 times/week). During this time period, we also observed a reduced frequency of consumption of salty snacks (from 2.1 to 1.9 times/week), sweets (from 2.3 to 2.0 times/week), sugar-sweetened beverages (from 2.8 to 2.6 times/week), and artificially sweetened beverages (from 2.2 to 1.5 times/week). In girls, there was a decrease in the reported frequency of consumption of fruit and berries (−4%, vs. no change in boys). The decrease in consumption frequency of whole-grain bread was larger in girls than in boys (−19% vs. −14%). Further, a 17% decrease in consumption of sweets was observed amongst adolescents with no or only one parent having college/university education compared to a 13% decrease in adolescents whose both parents had college/university education. Conclusion: Our results showed a decrease in frequency of consumption of selected healthy and unhealthy food and beverages amongst adolescents between 2016 and 2019. The gender gap in consumption of fruit and berries and whole-grain bread seemed to decrease during this time period, and the socio-economic gap in consumption of sweets seemed to disappear.

The Effect of Working Capital Management on Profitability of Saudi Food and Beverages Corporations: An applied study (2015- 2019): أثر إدارة رأس المال العامل على ربحية شركات صناعة الأغذية المساهمة السعودية: دراسة تطبيقية (2015- 2019)

The study examined the effect of working capital management (average inventory period, average collection period and average payment period), on the profitability of Saudi food and beverages corporations listed in Saudi exchange during five years from 2015 to 2019. In addition, company size, debt ratio and company age was used as control variables. The study used Return on Asset (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) as measures of firm profitability. To achieve the aim of the study, data were obtained from the annual financial reports published in the “Tadawul”, Saudia Arabia Stock Exchange, for a purposive sample of twelve (12) companies out of (203) Saudi corporations listed. Descriptive statistics and Multiple regression analysis were used to test the hypotheses of the study. The results indicated that ROA and ROE have been explained at 48%, and 55% respectively. Furthermore, the results found that there is statistically significant effect of average payment period on ROA. However, while the results found that there is statistically significant effect of all control variables on ROE, it did not find any significant effect of any the working capital management variables on ROE. Based on the results, we recommend that corporations need to pay attention to managing working capital in more efficient ways, especially through speed in collection and slow payment, which in turn lead to increased firm profitability.

Forecasting Commodity Price Index of Food and Beverages in Kenya Using Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) Models

Price stability is the primary monetary policy objective in any economy since it protects the interests of both consumers and producers. As a result, forecasting is a common practice and a vital aspect of monetary policymaking. Future predictions guide monetary and fiscal policy tools that that be used to stabilize commodity prices. As a result, developing an accurate and precise forecasting model is critical. The current study fitted and forecasted the food and beverages price index (FBPI) in Kenya using seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) models. Unlike other ARIMA models like the autoregressive (AR), Moving Average (MA), and non-seasonal ARMA models, the SARIMA model accounts for the seasonal component in a given time series data better forecasts. The study relied on secondary data obtained from the KNBS website on monthly food and beverage price index in Kenya from January 1991 to February 2020. R-statistical software was used to analyze the data. The parameter estimation was done using the Maximum Likelihood Estimation method. Competing SARIMA models were compared using the Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Absolute Scaled Error (MASE),.and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). A first-order differenced SARIMA (1,1,1) (0,1,1)12 minimized these model evaluation criteria (AIC = 1818.15, BIC =1833.40). The forecasting ability evaluation statistics MAE = 2.00%, MAPE = 1.62% and MASE = 0.87%. The 24-step ahead forecasts showed that the FPBI is unstable with an overall increasing trend. Therefore, the monetary policy committee ought to control inflation through monetary or fiscal policy, strengthening food security and trade liberalization.

Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Leverage, Kebijakan Dividen dan Profitabilitas terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Studi pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Food And Beverages

This study aims to examine the effect of firm size, leverage, dividend policy and profitability on firm value in the study of manufacturing companies in the food and beverages sector. This research uses quantitative research. The technique used in sampling is the purposive sampling method, namely the selection of samples is carried out with predetermined criteria. So that as many as 35 data were obtained from 7 food and beverages companies listed on the IDX during the 2016-2020 period. The data analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis using the SPSS version 23 program. Based on the results of the study, it shows that: (1) firm size has no effect on firm value, (2) leverage has a negative and significant effect on firm value, (3) dividend policy has no effect on firm value, (4) profitability has a positive and significant effect on firm value. Keywords: firm size, leverage, dividend policy and profitability.

Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Leverage, Kebijakan Dividen dan Profitabilitas terhadap Nilai Perusahaan

This study aims to examine the effect of firm size, leverage, dividend policy and profitability on firm value in the study of manufacturing companies in the food and beverages sector. This research uses quantitative research. The technique used in sampling is the purposive sampling method, namely the selection of samples is carried out with predetermined criteria. So that as many as 35 data were obtained from 7 food and beverages companies listed on the IDX during the 2016-2020 period. The data analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis using the SPSS version 23 program. Based on the results of the study, it shows that: (1) firm size has no effect on firm value, (2) leverage has a negative and significant effect on firm value, (3) dividend policy has no effect on firm value, (4) profitability has a positive and significant effect on firm value. Keywords: firm size, leverage, dividend policy and profitability.

Food Consumption and Availability in Czechia in the Years 1993–2019

The article deals with comparison of consumption of food and beverages in the Czech Republic in the years 1993 and 2019 as well as of two main sources of food and food materials, their domestic production and cross border movements.

Comparative Analysis of Company Financial Performance Between Sub Sectors in The Consumer Goods Industry in Indonesia Before and During The Covid-19 Pandemic

During the Covid-19 pandemic, some sectors are predicted to grow while many other sectors slump. This study aims to prove the difference in financial performance between companies in the Food and Beverages, Tobacco Manufacturers, Pharmaceuticals, Cosmetics and Household, and Houseware Sub-Sectors during the Covid-19 pandemic. Measurement of financial performance using the ratio of Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE). The sample was determined purposively and 44 companies were selected as samples. Methods of data collection using documentation techniques. The research data was obtained from the company's financial statements, annual reports, summary of IDX listed companies, and the IDX Facts Book. Data obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The data analysis technique used Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that the financial performance of the Cosmetics and household, Food and Beverages, and Tobacco Manufacturers sub-sector companies decreased during the Covid-19 Pandemic. The Houseware and Pharmaceuticals sub-sector achieved a significant increase during the Covid-19 Pandemic. There is a significant difference between the financial performance of the Cosmetics and household, Food and Beverages, Houseware, Pharmaceuticals, and Tobacco Manufacturers sub-sector companies listed on IDX before and during the Covid-19 Pandemic.