RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF INSTALLATION FOR PRE-SOWING TREATMENT OF POTATOES EXPOSURE TO ELECTROPHYSICAL FACTORS

The purpose of processing potato tubers before planting by the complex effect of electrophysical factors is disinfection from a number of pests, activating the cells of potato tubers to accelerate and increase their germination, with the exception of side effects on the physico-chemical composition of the grown potatoes. The installation contains a toroidal cavity, inside the torus there is a conveyor, an unloading stopper and moving fluoroplastic scrapers. In the condenser space are electro-discharge lamps, connected to sources of a kHz frequency and a rotating disk, with a distributor. On the surface of the torus mounted magnetrons. An induction heater is installed under the torus. The torus has windows for unloading potato tuber waste. The developed installation contains various sources of electromagnetic radiation: microwave generators, which provide endogenous heating of potato tubers and prevent diseases and pests; induction heater to kill beetles and other pests due to thermal burns; high-frequency (110 kHz) alternating pulsed current generators with high voltage and electro-gas-discharge lamps, which accelerate biochemical reactions, saturate tubers with oxygen, increase the elasticity of the tuber peel and its permeability. This whole complex of energy sources contributes to the activation of potato tuber cells, accelerating and improving germination. Using a single unit with a capacity of up to 300 kg/h, it is possible to carry out preplant processing of up to 20 tons of potato tubers no larger than 6 cm in size, with specific energy expenditures of up to 0.2 kW h/kg.

Host–guest interaction between corannulene and γ-cyclodextrin: mass spectrometric evidence of a 1 : 1 inclusion complex formation

The toroidal cavity of γ-cyclodextrin is shown to interact with a bowl-shaped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, corannulene, through host–guest interactions.

Folytonos anyagtovábbítású mikrohullámú kezelőegység fejlesztése

Most branches in the food industry have a considerable wastewater output. The problem is not only the total amount of wastewater production, but also the high content of organic matter. Anaerobic digestion is an effective way of treating wastewater for yielding profitable biogas and alleviating environmental concerns. Pre-treatment of sludge to break down its complex structure can be used for enhancing anaerobic digestibility. Research group of the Department of Process Engineering at the University of Szeged has investigated the applicability and the efficiency of microwave pre-treatment for food industry sludge. The results showed that the microwave treatment of sludge solution resulted in higher biodegradability and enhanced biogas production as well. According to these results a continuous-flow microwave toroidal cavity resonator treating-system was developed.

K–ε compressible 3D neutral fluid turbulence modelling of the effect of toroidal cavities on flame-front propagation in the gas-blanket regime for tokamak divertors

Recent experiments and 2D laminar plasma–fluid simulations have indicated that plasma detachment from the divertor plate is strongly tied to plasma recombination. With plasma recombination, a neutral gas blanket will form between the divertor plate and the plasma frame front. Because of plasma-neutral coupling, the plasma flow along the field lines will drive neutral gas flow with Mach number [ges ]1 and Reynolds number [ges ]1000. A compressible set of conservation and transport equations are solved with 2D mean toroidal flow and 3D turbulence effects over various toroidal cavity geometries. The radial structure of the temperature profile is determined for both turbulent and laminar flow as the flame front propagates down the toroidal cavity. Quantitative results are obtained for the increased heat transfer to the toroidal walls due to turbulence as well as radial profiles for the transport coefficients. It is found that heat loads to the toroidal walls can be increased by factors of 5–20 over that for laminar flow for the cavity geometries studied here. This increased heat transfer to the toroidal walls will lead to decreased levels of heat flux impinging on the divertor plate.