Ru-gC3N4 Catalyzed Hydrodebenzylation of Benzyl Protected Alcohol and Acid Groups Using Sodium Hypophosphite as a Hydrogen Source

A straightforward process for hydrodebenzylation of benzyl protected acid and alcohol derivatives to the corresponding acids and alcohols using sodium hypophosphite in the presence of Ru-GCN catalyst is reported. The developed Ru-GCN catalyst is cost effective compared to other noble metal-based catalysts and has been explored to exhibit excellent activity for catalytic hydrodebenzylation reactions under moderate reaction conditions. The non-corrosive sodium hypophosphite has been found as a better hydrogen donor compared to alkali metal formats in presence of Ru-GCN catalyst. The stated catalyst was characterized using several spectrometric and material characterization methods such as PXRD, IR, SEM, TEM, XPS, and TGA. The Ru-GCN catalyst corroborated good reusability and stability for multiple cycles. The catalyst preparation is facile and the developed process is simple and safe as it avoids use of high hydrogen pressure. The developed protocol can also be replicated on industrial scale on account of excellent recyclability and retained activity after multiple cycles and makes the process sustainable. Gram scale reaction was performed to verify the industrial potential of reported catalyst.

Influence of NiO/La2O3 Catalyst Preparation Method on Its Reactivity in the Oxy-Steam Reforming of LNG Process

The oxy-steam reforming of liquefied natural gas reaction (OSR-LNG) is promising process for syngas generation. In this paper, the catalytic properties of NiO/La2O3 systems prepared by wet impregnation and co-precipitation methods were extensively investigated in OSR-LNG reaction. The physicochemical properties of the studied catalytic materials were determined using various techniques including Temperature programmed reduction (TPR-H2), Temperature programmed desorption (TPD-NH3), Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with an energy dispersive X-Ray spectrometer (EDS). Reactivity measurements performed in the OSR-LNG process showed that the catalyst preparation method and the calcination temperature significantly affected the activity of NiO/La2O3 catalysts in the OSR-LNG reaction. The catalytic activity tests showed that NiO/La2O3 system prepared by a wet impregnation method and calcined at 700 °C showed the total conversion of the LNG component at 900 °C and the highest H2 yield at 700 and 900 °C. The phase composition studies confirmed the formation of the LaNiO3 structure in the case of the NiO/La2O3 catalyst prepared by wet impregnation, calcined at the temperature of 700 °C. Catalytic activity measurements showed that the reactivity of the catalysts was related to their phase composition and acidity. SEM images of spent catalysts showed that the smallest amount of carbon deposit was detected on the surface of the most active systems.

Bioethanol Upgrading to Renewable Monomers Using Hierarchical Zeolites: Catalyst Preparation, Characterization, and Catalytic Studies

Bioethanol is one of the most promising renewable resources for the production of important monomers. To date, there have been various processes proposed for bioethanol conversion to renewable monomers. In this review, the catalytic bioethanol upgrading to various types of monomers using hierarchical zeolites as catalysts is illustrated, including the recent design and preparation of hierarchical zeolites for these catalytic processes. The characterizations of catalysts including textural properties, pore architectures, acidic properties, and active species are also exemplified. Moreover, the catalytic studies with various processes of monomer production from bioethanol including bioethanol dehydration, bioethanol to hydrocarbons, and bioethanol to butadiene are revealed in terms of catalytic activities and mechanistic studies. In addition, the future perspectives of these catalytic circumstances are proposed in both economic and sustainable development contexts.