scholarly journals Ru-gC3N4 Catalyzed Hydrodebenzylation of Benzyl Protected Alcohol and Acid Groups Using Sodium Hypophosphite as a Hydrogen Source

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1227
Author(s):  
Sourav Chakraborty ◽  
Ashish Bahuguna ◽  
Yoel Sasson
Keyword(s):  
Material Characterization ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Catalyst Preparation ◽  
Sodium Hypophosphite ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
High Hydrogen ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Excellent Activity ◽  
High Hydrogen Pressure ◽  
Multiple Cycles

A straightforward process for hydrodebenzylation of benzyl protected acid and alcohol derivatives to the corresponding acids and alcohols using sodium hypophosphite in the presence of Ru-GCN catalyst is reported. The developed Ru-GCN catalyst is cost effective compared to other noble metal-based catalysts and has been explored to exhibit excellent activity for catalytic hydrodebenzylation reactions under moderate reaction conditions. The non-corrosive sodium hypophosphite has been found as a better hydrogen donor compared to alkali metal formats in presence of Ru-GCN catalyst. The stated catalyst was characterized using several spectrometric and material characterization methods such as PXRD, IR, SEM, TEM, XPS, and TGA. The Ru-GCN catalyst corroborated good reusability and stability for multiple cycles. The catalyst preparation is facile and the developed process is simple and safe as it avoids use of high hydrogen pressure. The developed protocol can also be replicated on industrial scale on account of excellent recyclability and retained activity after multiple cycles and makes the process sustainable. Gram scale reaction was performed to verify the industrial potential of reported catalyst.

A review of sustainable lignocellulose biorefining applying (natural) deep eutectic solvents (DESs) for separations, catalysis and enzymatic biotransformation processes

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Bjelić ◽  
Brigita Hočevar ◽  
Miha Grilc ◽  
Uroš Novak ◽  
Blaž Likozar
Keyword(s):  
Special Section ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Co Catalysts ◽  
Biomass Fractionation ◽  
Functional Step ◽  
Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Economic Need ◽  
Molecular Compounds

AbstractConventional biorefinery processes are complex, engineered and energy-intensive, where biomass fractionation, a key functional step for the production of biomass-derived chemical substances, demands industrial organic solvents and harsh, environmentally harmful reaction conditions. There is a timely, clear and unmet economic need for a systematic, robust and affordable conversion method technology to become greener, sustainable and cost-effective. In this perspective, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been envisaged as the most advanced novel polar liquids that are entirely made of natural, molecular compounds that are capable of an association via hydrogen bonding interactions. DES has quickly emerged in various application functions thanks to a formulations’ simple preparation. These molecules themselves are biobased, renewable, biodegradable and eco-friendly. The present experimental review is providing the state of the art topical overview of trends regarding the employment of DESs in investigated biorefinery-related techniques. This review covers DESs for lignocellulosic component isolation, applications as (co)catalysts and their functionality range in biocatalysis. Furthermore, a special section of the DESs recyclability is included. For DESs to unlock numerous new (reactive) possibilities in future biorefineries, the critical estimation of its complexity in the reaction, separation, or fractionation medium should be addressed more in future studies.

The formation of metal hydrides under very high hydrogen pressure

Physica B+C ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 139-140 ◽  
pp. 694-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Driessen ◽  
H. Hemmes ◽  
R. Griessen
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Pressure ◽  
Metal Hydrides ◽  
High Hydrogen ◽  
High Hydrogen Pressure ◽  
Very High

scholarly journals Direct detection of SARS-CoV-2 using non-commercial RT-LAMP reagents on heat-inactivated samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisa Alekseenko ◽  
Donal Barrett ◽  
Yerma Pareja-Sanchez ◽  
Rebecca J. Howard ◽  
Emilia Strandback ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Dna Polymerases ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Lamp Assay ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Clinical Patient ◽  
Reverse Transcriptases ◽  
Large Scale Testing

AbstractRT-LAMP detection of SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to be a valuable approach to scale up COVID-19 diagnostics and thus contribute to limiting the spread of the disease. Here we present the optimization of highly cost-effective in-house produced enzymes, and we benchmark their performance against commercial alternatives. We explore the compatibility between multiple DNA polymerases with high strand-displacement activity and thermostable reverse transcriptases required for RT-LAMP. We optimize reaction conditions and demonstrate their applicability using both synthetic RNA and clinical patient samples. Finally, we validate the optimized RT-LAMP assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in unextracted heat-inactivated nasopharyngeal samples from 184 patients. We anticipate that optimized and affordable reagents for RT-LAMP will facilitate the expansion of SARS-CoV-2 testing globally, especially in sites and settings where the need for large scale testing cannot be met by commercial alternatives.

scholarly journals Effect of pH on Size and Concentration of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized using Ixora coccinea Linn. Leaf Extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1103-1106
Author(s):  
Darwin F. Reyes ◽  
Gil Fabien S. Cabrera ◽  
Shemma Mica V. Mata ◽  
azmin Pariz D. San Pedro ◽  
add Christian C. Palioc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Reducing Agent ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Effect Of Ph ◽  
Ixora Coccinea ◽  
Ornamental Shrub

The synthesis of silver nanoparticles via plant-mediated approach is an emerging area of research interest worldwide. The procedure is cost-effective and does not require the use of toxic chemicals and complicated reaction conditions. In the present investigation, silver nanoparticles were prepared using the leaf extracts of Ixora coccinea Linn., a common ornamental shrub in the Philippines, as the reducing agent. The effect of pH on the synthesis was investigated, and results showed that the quality of the synthesized silver nanoparticles changes in varying pH of the reducing agent.

scholarly journals An approach for long-term, multi-probe Neuropixels recordings in unrestrained rats

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Zhihao Luo ◽  
Adrian Gopnik Bondy ◽  
Diksha Gupta ◽  
Verity Alexander Elliott ◽  
Charles D Kopec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Neural Recordings ◽  
Chronic Recording ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Multiple Cycles ◽  
Single Unit Recordings ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
High Yields

The use of Neuropixels probes for chronic neural recordings is in its infancy and initial studies leave questions about long-term stability and probe reusability unaddressed. Here, we demonstrate a new approach for chronic Neuropixels recordings over a period of months in freely moving rats. Our approach allows multiple probes per rat and multiple cycles of probe reuse. We found that hundreds of units could be recorded for multiple months, but that yields depended systematically on anatomical position. Explanted probes displayed a small increase in noise compared to unimplanted probes, but this was insufficient to impair future single-unit recordings. We conclude that cost-effective, multi-region, and multi-probe Neuropixels recordings can be carried out with high yields over multiple months in rats or other similarly sized animals. Our methods and observations may facilitate the standardization of chronic recording from Neuropixels probes in freely moving animals.

scholarly journals Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and their Nanocomposite-based Materials as Photocatalysts in the Degradation of Dyes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 6557-6579
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Degradation Of Dyes ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The introduction of inorganic and organic pollutants into water bodies has become a serious issue globally. The waste streams released from the textile, plastic, leather, paper, pharmaceutical, and food industries introduce different natural and synthetic dyes into the aquatic system. Nanomaterials play a significant role in the photocatalytic degradation of dyes present in wastewater. Inorganic metal oxide nanoparticles have many improved physical and chemical properties and attracted much attention in photocatalytic activities. Dyes have been released in our aquatic bodies due to many anthropogenic activities and caused life-threatening problems. Various conventional methods were reported to remove dyes from water and wastewater; the photocatalytic method is one of the efficient and cost-effective. The present review article includes detailed information on photocatalysis, the potential of metal oxide and their composite materials as photocatalysts in the degradation of toxic dyes, and some common synthetic and characterization methods used for metal oxide-based nanoparticles.

scholarly journals NaIO4/Br- as a mild system for the oxidation of 1-methyl-anthra-9,10-quinones

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Cybulski ◽  
Adam Formela ◽  
Katarzyna Sidoryk ◽  
Olga Michalak ◽  
Anna Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Lithium Bromide ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Cell ◽  
Direct Oxidation ◽  
Reaction Conditions

One of the anthraquinone classes comprises compounds with a carbonyl group. These natural or synthetic anthraquinones find their application as building blocks in the synthesis of the compounds with a biological activity. Recently, 4-substituted anthra-9,10-quinone-1-carboxylic acids (2) have been used as key intermediates in the synthesis of patented compounds (3) with anticancer activity against multidrug resistant cell lines. Although 2,7-dihydro-3H-dibenz[de,h]cinnolin-3,7-diones (3) were successfully synthetized in a small laboratory scale, several problems were observed during the preparation of their acid intermediates (2) in a multi-gram scale. The known methods for the preparation of 2 are based on the oxidation of the methyl group in anthra-9,10-quinones (1). The most common are: the oxidation with the diluted nitric acid under high pressure in a sealed tube at the temperature of 195-220 oC, the oxidation in nitrobenzene by passing chlorine gas through the reaction mixture at the temperature of 160-170 oC or in a presence of the fuming sulphuric acid. The mentioned methods require aggressive reagents and specific reaction conditions including high pressure and temperature. Thus, there was a need to find a new efficient, cost-effective and reproducible synthetic method of preparation of 2. While searching literature it was found that the direct oxidation of alkylarenes mediated by the sodium periodate/lithium bromide combination produces benzyl acetates throughout benzyl bromides in the acetic acid, or benzylic acids in the diluted inorganic acid. Based on these results we examined a variety of reaction conditions with or without the bromine source and the oxidizing anion. As a result, a novel procedure for the preparation of highly pure 4-substituted anthra-9,10-quinone-1-carboxylic acids (HPLC > 99.5%) using oxidizing anion/ brominating reagent system was developed. It enabled 2 isolation by the simple filtration of the reaction mixture and was applied in the scale-up of 2,7-dihydro-3H-dibenz[de,h]cinnolin-3,7-dione derivatives.

Syntheses and properties of several metastable and stable hydrides derived from intermetallic compounds under high hydrogen pressure

2016 ◽  
Vol 388 ◽  
pp. 723-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Filipek ◽  
V. Paul-Boncour ◽  
R.S. Liu ◽  
I. Jacob ◽  
T. Tsutaoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Hydrogen Pressure ◽  
High Hydrogen ◽  
High Hydrogen Pressure
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