Urine phthalate levels and liver function in US adolescents: Analyses of NHANES 2007-2016

Phthalates are non-persistent chemicals with endocrine-disrupting abilities widely used in a variety of consumer products. Evidence for the effects of phthalate exposure on liver function in adolescents is lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between urine phthalate levels and changes in liver function indicators. Methods: Data were analyzed from the combined 2007-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Weighted linear regressions were used to explore the association between urinary phthalate metabolites and indicators of liver function. Bayesian kernel machine regressions (BKMR) were used to evaluate the joint effects of phthalate metabolite mixtures on indicators of liver function. Results: Weighted Linear regression models showed that MCOP and MiBP were negatively associated with TBIL (all P FDR < 0.05), MCPP was positively correlated with TBIL (P FDR < 0.05), ΣDEHP, MCOP, and MEP (all P FDR < 0.05) were negatively correlated with ALB, while MCPP was positively correlated with ALB (P FDR < 0.05), and MCOP was negatively correlated with TP (P FDR < 0.05). BKMR analysis showed phthalate metabolite mixtures had significant positive dose response relationships with ALT, AST, GGT, ALP and TBIL, and significant negative dose response relationships with ALB and TP. Conclusions: Phathalate metabolites were associated with changes in liver function indicators among U.S. adolescents.

Phthalate Exposure and Liver Function in US Adolescents: Analyses of NHANES 2007-2016

Background: Phthalates are non-persistent chemicals with endocrine-disrupting abilities widely used in a variety of consumer products. Evidence for the effects of phthalate exposure on liver function in adolescents is lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between phthalate exposure and changes in liver function indicators.Methods: Data were analyzed from the combined 2007-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Weighted linear regressions were used to explore the association between urinary phthalate metabolites and indicators of liver function. Bayesian kernel machine regressions (BKMR) were used to evaluate the joint effects of phthalate metabolite mixtures on indicators of liver function.Results: Weighted Linear regression models showed that MCOP and MiBP were negatively associated with TBIL (all P FDR < 0.05), MCPP was positively correlated with TBIL (P FDR < 0.05), ΣDEHP, MCOP, and MEP (all P FDR < 0.05) were negatively correlated with ALB, while MCPP was positively correlated with ALB (P FDR < 0.05), and MCOP was negatively correlated with TP (P FDR < 0.05). BKMR analysis showed phthalate metabolite mixtures had significant positive dose response relationships with ALT, AST, GGT, ALP and TBIL, and significant negative dose response relationships with ALB and TP.Conclusions: The implications of these results demonstrate that phthalate exposure may contribute to adverse effects on liver function indicators among U.S. adolescents.

First- and Third-Trimester Urinary Phthalate Metabolites in the Development of Hypertensive Diseases of Pregnancy

The purpose of this study was to determine whether maternal urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations are associated with the development of higher blood pressure or pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). Participants were women without chronic hypertension who enrolled in The Infant Development and the Environment Study, a prospective pregnancy cohort conducted at four U.S. academic medical centers from 2010–2012. Prenatal records were reviewed to obtain blood pressure measurements and diagnoses of PIH (gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, eclampsia, and HELLP syndrome, defined as hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count). Complete-case analyses used multivariable linear and logistic regression for analysis of blood pressure measurements and PIH diagnoses, respectively. In the final dataset (N = 668), higher concentrations of first-trimester monoethyl phthalate (MEP) and mono-3-carboxypropyl phthalate (MCPP) and third-trimester mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP) were significantly associated with a medical chart diagnosis of PIH. First-trimester mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP) and MEP along with the sum of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites (∑DEHP) were each associated with increased systolic blood pressure across pregnancy. In conclusion, several phthalate metabolite concentrations were significantly associated with PIH and greater increases in systolic blood pressure across pregnancy.

Phthalate Exposure and Liver Function in US Adolescents: Analyses of NHANES 2007-2016

Background: Phthalates are non-persistent chemicals with endocrine-disrupting abilities widely used in a variety of consumer products. Evidence for the effects of phthalate exposure on liver function in adolescents is lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between phthalate exposure and changes in liver function indicators.Methods: Data were analyzed from the combined 2007-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Ultimately, a total of 1650 children aged 12-19 years were selected as the samples. Weighted linear regressions were used to explore the association between urinary phthalate metabolites and indicators of liver function. Bayesian kernel machine regressions (BKMR) were used to evaluate the joint effects of phthalate metabolite mixtures on indicators of liver function.Results: Weighted Linear regression models showed that MCOP and MiBP were negatively associated with TBIL (all P FDR < 0.05), MCPP was positively correlated with TBIL (P FDR < 0.05), ΣDEHP, MCOP, and MEP (all P FDR < 0.05) were negatively correlated with ALB, while MCPP was positively correlated with ALB (P FDR < 0.05), and MCOP was negatively correlated with TP (P FDR < 0.05). BKMR analysis showed phthalate metabolite mixtures had significant positive dose response relationships with ALT, AST, GGT, ALP and TBIL, and significant negative dose response relationships with ALB and TP.Conclusions: The implications of these results demonstrate that phthalate exposure may contribute to adverse effects on liver function indicators among U.S. adolescents.