availability assessment
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Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3067
Author(s):  
Robyn Horan ◽  
Nathan J. Rickards ◽  
Alexandra Kaelin ◽  
Helen E. Baron ◽  
Thomas Thomas ◽  
...  

The increasing impact of anthropogenic interference on river basins has facilitated the development of the representation of human influences in large-scale models. The representation of groundwater and large reservoirs have realised significant developments recently. Groundwater and reservoir representation in the Global Water Availability Assessment (GWAVA) model have been improved, critically, with a minimal increase in model complexity and data input requirements, in keeping with the model’s applicability to regions with low-data availability. The increased functionality was assessed in two highly anthropogenically influenced basins. A revised groundwater routine was incorporated into GWAVA, which is fundamentally driven by three input parameters, and improved the simulation of streamflow and baseflow in the headwater catchments such that low-flow model skill increased 33–67% in the Cauvery and 66–100% in the Narmada. The existing reservoir routine was extended and improved the simulation of streamflow in catchments downstream of major reservoirs, using two calibratable parameters. The model performance was improved between 15% and 30% in the Cauvery and 7–30% in the Narmada, with the daily reservoir releases in the Cauvery improving significantly between 26% and 164%. The improvement of the groundwater and reservoir routines in GWAVA proved successful in improving the model performance, and the inclusions allowed for improved traceability of simulated water balance components. This study illustrates that improvement in the representation of human–water interactions in large-scale models is possible, without excessively increasing the model complexity and input data requirements.


2021 ◽  
pp. 100148
Author(s):  
Hifza Rasheed ◽  
Naveed Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Ashraf ◽  
Faizan ul Hassan

Author(s):  
Oleg Ivanchenko ◽  
Vyacheslav Kharchenko ◽  
Boris Moroz ◽  
Yuriy Ponochovnyi ◽  
Larysa Degtyareva

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Nicholson ◽  
Graham Brown ◽  
Ben Seymour

Abstract Remotely operated and unmanned facilities offer significant safety, environmental and economic benefits over conventional facilities. This paper describes the key elements for successful design and an approach for evaluating the reliability, availability and TOTEX of unmanned facilities. The approach was developed during the concept and FEED phases of a wellhead platform project and forms the basis of the unmanned strategy going forwards but can also be used for facilities with partial processing topsides. During the design of a recent platform it became clear that normal FMEA/RAM analysis was not suitable for assessing the reliability and availability of unmanned facilities with low visit frequency. Drawing on previous experience, a new approach was developed to address the specific challenges of low maintenance intervals and provide a methodical approach to proving reliability. The new approach improved confidence in the predicted availability by identifying key components and appropriate reliability data. The process adds some extra steps to typical reliability and availability assessment, which are designed to address the specific demands of unmanned operations. The result of this work has given a clearer understanding of how reliability can be assessed and managed for low-manned or unmanned applications. The methodology helps to identify unmanned /low manned opportunities and provides guidance on design and reliability assessment It is observed that system reliability is usually driven by a few key components and that whilst many components have good overall reliability data this may not be applicable for the proposed specific operating environment and maintenance regime of an unmanned platform. It is therefore essential to evaluate components individually for their specific applications. It is concluded that to achieve the unmanned goal it is vital to fully understand the system and component reliability early in the project. The proposed methodology can be applied at any stage to validate the design, confirm assumptions, or identify gaps.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Leccese ◽  
Enrico Petritoli ◽  
Marco Cagnetti ◽  
Silvia Sangiovanni ◽  
Luca Podesta ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guto Leoni Santos ◽  
Patricia Takako Endo ◽  
Theo Lynn ◽  
Djamel Sadok ◽  
Judith Kelner

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-22
Author(s):  
S. Appasmandri ◽  

Among the basic needs of life, food possesses ahead of everyone else as it nourishes us and able to stand which leads further activity. Tamil Nadu state is self-sufficient in food production and Nutrient availability assessment also shows the same but the consumption pattern shows inverse pattern to availability because consumption is directly related with income, education, taste and preference, cultural, ethical and etc. Food consumption patterns of rural Tamil Nadu shows that high demand of Public Distribution System (PDS) observed in earlier and gradually decreased over year. Vitamin Thiamine is coming under severe inequality category in rural areas of Tamil Nadu for both 61st and 68 rounds. Goal programming was effectively optimised the nutrient requirement with least cost and optimised to higher level of nutrient status.


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