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Author(s):  
Siti Rohaida Mohamed ◽  
◽  
Saiful Anwar Che Ghani ◽  
Worapoong Sawangsri ◽  
Mohd Azwan Azizi ◽  
...  

Metallic orthopedic implants to replace or generate lost bones caused by traumatic road traffic injuries often failed prematurely after surgery. Bone resorption caused by stress shielding of metallic implants became a main concern as it can potentially lead to bone implant failure. Metallic scaffold designed in porous structures fabricated using additive manufacturing (AM) are widely used as bone implant, since the elastic modulus of the scaffolds can easily tailored according to the bone properties, and the large surfaces are beneficial to cell in-growth. The microarchitecture of scaffold can control their mechanical and biological properties, but it is found that there is lack of systematic approach to select a cell topology with full perspective requirements of bone implant. This paper presents a systematic approach of design space mapping for two CoCrMo unit cell shapes namely square and diamond to understand the relationship between geometrical parameters with additive manufacturing limitation, mechanical and bone ingrowth requirements. The compressive response of the components was simulated by finite element analysis and the influence of design parameters on the scaffold behaviour was compared theoretically with Gibson and Ashby model. The FEA give prediction for effective elastic modulus of 3 GPa to 4.8 GPa for diamond type and range of 6 GPa to 29 GPa for square type. Experimental results showed accurate prediction of compression elastic modulus with average error of 13% for diamond type and 35% for square type respectively. The significance of the methodology and the results showed that different design parameters of the structures can play a major role in the mechanical behaviour of the metallic scaffold.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Farmer

Thus far involuntary unemployment does not occur in Diamond-type Overlapping Generations models. In line with Keynesian macroeconomics, involuntary unemployment is traced back to aggregate demand failures. While macro-economists majority refers aggregate demand failures to sticky prices, a minority attributes lacking aggregate demand to not perfectly flexible aggregate investment. The chapter investigates how an independent aggregate investment function causes involuntary unemployment under perfectly flexible competitive wage and interest rates in a Diamond-type neoclassical growth model with public debt and human capital accumulation. Moreover, it is shown that a higher public debt to output ratio enhances output growth and reduces involuntary unemployment.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayesh A. Navare ◽  
Charan Bodlapati ◽  
Robert Turnbull ◽  
Yuxiang Zhong ◽  
Hossein Shahinian

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Duc Ba Nguyen ◽  
Hiep Phi Trinh

AbstractIn this work, we have determined the mean square relative displacement, elastic constant, anharmonic effective potential, correlated function, local force constant, and other thermodynamic parameters of diamond-type structured crystals under high-pressure up to 14 GPa. The parameters are calculated through theoretical interatomic Morse potential parameters, by using the sublimation energy, the compressibility, and the lattice constant in the expanded X-ray absorption fine structure spectrum. Numerical results agree well with the experimental values and other theories.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Shengli ◽  
Wu Jun ◽  
Xue Longjiang ◽  
Wu Di ◽  
Lu Haiqing ◽  
...  

Aiming at the problems of low power supply reliability, poor transfer capacity between stations, and low line utilization in the current distribution network, this paper proposes a diamond-shaped distribution network structure with a clear structure. First, we investigated the typical wiring patterns of medium-voltage distribution networks in Tokyo, Japan, Paris, France, and China’s developed cities, and summarized experience and shortcomings. Secondly, combining the typical wiring patterns of distribution networks in China and abroad, construct a diamond-shaped distribution network structure, and study its adaptability, safety and flexibility, power supply reliability, and economy. Finally, take the transformation of the wiring mode of a regional distribution network in a certain city as an example, compare the use of the diamond-shaped distribution network structure in this article with the use of cable double-ring network wiring, cable “double petal” wiring, and Shanghai diamond-type wiring distribution network grid reconstruction The effect verifies the superiority of the diamond-shaped distribution network structure in this paper.


2021 ◽  
pp. 088532822199592
Author(s):  
Seok Ho Park ◽  
Fanyu Zhao ◽  
Soo Chan Park ◽  
Jin-Chul Kim

Monoolein cubic phase immobilizing hydrophobically modified gelatin (HmGel) in its water channel was prepared by a melt-hydration method. The cubic phase was micronized into cubosomes by using hydrophobically modified quaternized cellulose nanofiber (HmQCNF) as a stabilizer. The phase transition temperature of the cubic phase was about 68–70 °C. Small angle X-ray diffraction revealed that HmGel-loaded cubosome stabilized with HmCNF was a diamond type of cubic phase. HmGel-loaded cubosomes stailized with HmQCNF were dependent on the pH value in terms of the release of their payload (i.e, methylene blue) much more strongly than HmGel-loaded cubosomes stabilized with Pluronic F127.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Micol Palmieri ◽  
Ilaria Giannetti ◽  
Andrea Micheletti

Abstract This is a conceptual work about the form-finding of a hybrid tensegrity structure. The structure was obtained from the combination of arch-supported membrane systems and diamond-type tensegrity systems. By combining these two types of structures, the resulting system features the “tensile-integrity” property of cables and membrane together with what we call “floating-bending” of the arches, a term which is intended to recall the words “floating-compression” introduced by Kenneth Snelson, the father of tensegrities. Two approaches in the form-finding calculations were followed, the Matlab implementation of a simple model comprising standard constant-stress membrane/cable elements together with the so-called stick-and-spring elements for the arches, and the analysis with the commercial software WinTess, used in conjunction with Rhino and Grasshopper. The case study of a T3 floating-bending tensile-integrity structure was explored, a structure that features a much larger enclosed volume in comparison to conventional tensegrity prisms. The structural design of an outdoor pavilion of 6 m in height was carried out considering ultimate and service limit states. This study shows that floating-bending structures are feasible, opening the way to the introduction of suitable analysis and optimization procedures for this type of structures.


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