Patlıcanda In vitro Rejenerasyon Ortamında Farklı Orizalin ve Kolhisin Konsantrasyonlarının Tetraploid Bitki Üretimine Etkisi

The objective of this study is to obtain tetraploid plants in eggplant cultivars, Faselis (F1) and Karnaz (F1), by applying colchicine and oryzalin in in vitro regeneration medium (RM: MS with 10 µM BA and 1 µM IAA). In the study, leaf explants which have been incubated on the solidified RM for 5 or 7 days were cultured on the same medium with 2.5 or 3.75 mM colchicine for 8, 16 or 32 hours; or with 28.8 or 43.2 µM oryzalin for 12, 24 or 36 hours. Then the explants were transferred to RM without colchicine and oryzalin. Callus, buds or short shoots formed in the RM were transferred to MS medium with 0.5 μM BA to obtain long plants. The ploidy levels of regenerants were determined by flow cytometry. In Karnaz, higher tetraploid plant formation was achieved from 3.75 mM colchicine compared to 2.5 mM colchicine. The highest tetraploid plant rate was obtained by applying of 43.2 µM oryzalin for 24 hours to the explants after incubation on the RM for 7 days. Pollen viability of the tetraploid plants produced by application of colchicine and oryzalin were 76.99% and 81.19% and germination were 19.14% and 17.98%. In Faselis, tetraploid plants were obtained by applying 2.5 mM colchicine to the explants for 8 or 32 hours after incubation on RM for 7 days. However, in the oryzalin experiment, the higher tetraploid plants were produced when the explants were incubated for 5 days in the RM. Pollen viability of the tetraploid plants obtained from applications of colchicine and oryzalin were 86.41% and 95.68% and germination were 26.54% and 28.47%.

Karakteristik morfologi dan sitologi tanaman Sutra Bombay (Portulaca grandiflora Hook) hasil poliploidisasi dengan kolkisin pada berbagai konsentrasi dan frekuensi aplikasi

Moss Rose (Portulaca grandiflora Hook) is one of the ornamental plants and medicinal plants. The purpose of this research was to evaluate cytological and morphological responses of Moss Rose (Portulaca grandiflora) with colcichine treatment. Colcichine treatment was done with drop method technique in different concentrations and different frequency of application. This research used Completely Randomized Design in 4x3 factorial arrangement and used descriptive analysis to compare diploid plant and tetraploid plant characters. The first factor was variation of cholcichine concentration which were K0 (0%), K1 (0.1%), K2 (0.3%), and K3 (0.6%). The second factor was variation of application frequency which were A1 (2 drop per day for a day), A2 (2 drop per day for 2 days), and A3 (2 drop per day for 3 days). The observed parameters were shoot response by colcichine treatment, number of chromosomes, length and width of stomata, stomata density, stem diameter, flower diameter, plant high, fresh weight, number of branches, and number of leaves. The result showed that Moss Rose’s shoot was intolerant with colcichine treatment in high concentration and long time application. The tetraploid plants was randomly produced by a number of treatment which were 0.1% colcichine 2 drops for 3 days, 0.3% colcichine 2 drops for 2 days, 0.6% colcichine 2 drops for 2 days, and 0.6% colcichine 2 drops for 3 days. The shoot’s growth was inhibited. The induced of tetraploid plant in Moss Rose was accompanied by double chromosome number as 2n=4x=36, larger stomata (length and width), lower stomata density, and higher morphological characters. Moss Rose (Portulaca grandiflora Hook) is one of the ornamental plants and medicinal plants. The purpose of this research was to evaluate cytological and morphological responses of Moss Rose (Portulaca grandiflora) with colcichine treatment. Colcichine treatment was done with drop method technique in different concentrations and different frequency of application. This research used Completely Randomized Design in 4x3 factorial arrangement and used descriptive analysis to compare diploid plant and tetraploid plant characters. The first factor was variation of cholcichine concentration which were K0 (0%), K1 (0.1%), K2 (0.3%), and K3 (0.6%). The second factor was variation of application frequency which were A1 (2 drop per day for a day), A2 (2 drop per day for 2 days), and A3 (2 drop per day for 3 days). The observed parameters were shoot response by colcichine treatment, number of chromosomes, length and width of stomata, stomata density, stem diameter, flower diameter, plant high, fresh weight, number of branches, and number of leaves. The result showed that Moss Rose’s shoot was intolerant with colcichine treatment in high concentration and long time application. The tetraploid plants was randomly produced by a number of treatment which were 0.1% colcichine 2 drops for 3 days, 0.3% colcichine 2 drops for 2 days, 0.6% colcichine 2 drops for 2 days, and 0.6% colcichine 2 drops for 3 days. The shoot’s growth was inhibited. The induced of tetraploid plant in Moss Rose was accompanied by double chromosome number as 2n=4x=36, larger stomata (length and width), lower stomata density, and higher morphological characters.

Embryogenesis in Vitro and Nonchimeric Tetraploid Plant Recovery from Undeveloped Citrus Ovules Treated with Colchicine

A method was developed to produce nonchimeric, autotetraploid Citrus plants via in vitro somatic embryogenesis in the presence of colchicine. Undeveloped ovules from immature fruit of `Valencia' sweet orange (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osb.) and `Orlando' and `Minneola' tangelos (Citrus reticulata Blanco × Citrus × paradisi Macf.) were held on Murashige and Tucker medium with 500 mg malt extract/liter and 0.0090, 0.01%, or 0.10% colchicine for 21 days. Embryogenesis from tangelo ovules was suppressed by 0.10% colchicine, but no such effect was observed among sweet orange ovules. Colchicine treatments had no subsequent effect on embryo germination. The numbers of chromosomes in root tip cells showed that both tetraploid and diploid `Valencia' and `Orlando' plants were recovered from colchicine treatments. `Minneola' cultures produced only diploid plants. Tetraploid plant morphology was typical for Citrus tetraploids. Examination of chromosome numbers in root tip, shoot, and leaf meristems indicated that the regenerants were nonchimeric. Such nonchimeric tetraploids will be useful parents for interploid hybridization directed toward development of seedless triploid Citrus scion cultivars.