MRI Visualization and Distribution Patterns of Foreign Modeling Agents: A Brief Pictorial Review for Clinicians

Since the ancient Egyptians, people have always been worried about their physical appearance. Nowadays, for some cultures like Latin American, physical appearance depends on the context, and the concept of beauty is to have wider hips and more prominent buttocks. One way to achieve these goals is to inject foreign modelants that include some oils to modify certain body regions. Until today, the search continues to find a modelling agent that is nonteratogenic, noncarcinogenic, and not susceptible to infection and can stay at the spot where it was injected (not migration). This review is aimed at providing a brief, comprehensive assessment of the use of modeling agents and summarizes some key imaging features of filler-related complications. The topics of this review are historical data, epidemiology, classification of dermal fillers (xenografts, hyaluronic acid derivatives, autografts, homografts, synthetic materials), adverse reactions, imaging method used in the detection of injectable fillers, MRI patterns observed in complications of injectable fillers, and histological findings of immune response, treatment, and conclusions. We present several classifications of injectable fillers based on composition, degradation, and complications. Additionally, readers will find some representative cases of the most common locations of injectable fillers demonstrating their infiltrative MRI patterns.

Evaluation of Neurotoxin and Filler Injection Training in Otolaryngology Residency

Introduction: Residency training courses are fundamental to an Otolaryngology (ENT) residency curriculum. Neurotoxin and filler injections have become common during ENT residency, and the outcomes of training courses have not been previously evaluated. We hypothesize that after participating in the course, resident knowledge, skill, and likelihood of using neurotoxin and filler injections in future practice will significantly improve. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was designed among ENT residents undergoing neurotoxin and filler injection educational training courses from April 2019 to November 2020. After the completion of the course and injections, residents completed a self-evaluation to assess their level of knowledge and skill level with neurotoxin and filler injections. Results: The mean number of neurotoxin and filler injections besides within the course was 1.67 and 0.33, whereas during the course was 3.39 ( P = .008) and 1.39 ( P = .0009), respectively. Resident knowledge, skill, and likelihood of using neurotoxin and filler injections in future practice all significantly improved ( P < .05). This study found that a biannual training course for neurotoxin and injectable fillers was an effective strategy at improving resident knowledge, skill, and likelihood of use in future practice.

Complications Secondary to Nonsurgical Rhinoplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Objective The popularity of nonsurgical rhinoplasty with injectable fillers continues to rise, and it is important to understand the scope of potential adverse outcomes. The purpose of our study is to determine the prevalence and types of adverse outcomes secondary to nonsurgical rhinoplasty. Data Sources PubMed, Cochrane, Embase. Review Methods The data sources were explored using the following combination of terms: ((“inject*” OR “nonsurgical” OR “augmentation” OR “filler”) AND “rhinoplast*”) AND (“complication” OR “adverse” OR “embol*”). Studies on human nonsurgical rhinoplasty using injectable fillers were included. A quantitative meta-analysis was performed on articles with low risk of bias. Results The search yielded 37 publications for review, with 23 included cohort studies and 14 case reports with 8604 patients undergoing nonsurgical rhinoplasty with reported complications. The overall rate of adverse outcome across all cohort studies was 2.52%. The most commonly reported complications were bruising (1.58%) and hematoma (0.13%). While uncommon, there are several reports of major complications including 30 episodes of vessel occlusion (0.35%), 7 reports of skin necrosis (0.08%), 8 reports of vision loss (0.09%), and 6 reports of infection (0.07%). Conclusion Overall, nonsurgical rhinoplasty with injectable fillers is safe with low rates of complications. However, serious complications, such as vision loss, skin necrosis, and vessel occlusion, can occur. Further studies are needed to optimize delivery of injectable fillers in the nose to decrease the rate of adverse outcomes.

Injectable Soft Tissue Nano/Micro Fillers for Facial Reconstruction

Soft Tissue augmentation is a way to restore lost tissue and also a way to reshape confidence for patients who suffer from soft tissue loss. Materials that can realize such a function are called soft tissue fillers. Among the large number of fillers, injectable fillers have attracted widespread attention in facial cosmetic fields due to their convenience and competitive performance. Meanwhile, there is a huge demand for better injectable soft tissue fillers in medical cosmetology market. This review introduces several fillers which were once used in clinical or are now still in use. Furthermore, we update recent improvements and progress on injectable filling materials hoping to contribute to its further developments.