MRI Visualization and Distribution Patterns of Foreign Modeling Agents: A Brief Pictorial Review for Clinicians

Since the ancient Egyptians, people have always been worried about their physical appearance. Nowadays, for some cultures like Latin American, physical appearance depends on the context, and the concept of beauty is to have wider hips and more prominent buttocks. One way to achieve these goals is to inject foreign modelants that include some oils to modify certain body regions. Until today, the search continues to find a modelling agent that is nonteratogenic, noncarcinogenic, and not susceptible to infection and can stay at the spot where it was injected (not migration). This review is aimed at providing a brief, comprehensive assessment of the use of modeling agents and summarizes some key imaging features of filler-related complications. The topics of this review are historical data, epidemiology, classification of dermal fillers (xenografts, hyaluronic acid derivatives, autografts, homografts, synthetic materials), adverse reactions, imaging method used in the detection of injectable fillers, MRI patterns observed in complications of injectable fillers, and histological findings of immune response, treatment, and conclusions. We present several classifications of injectable fillers based on composition, degradation, and complications. Additionally, readers will find some representative cases of the most common locations of injectable fillers demonstrating their infiltrative MRI patterns.

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Imaging features and differential diagnoses of non-neoplastic diffuse mediastinal diseases

Insights into Imaging ◽

10.1186/s13244-020-00909-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Flavian Tabotta ◽

Gilbert R. Ferretti ◽

Helmut Prosch ◽

Samia Boussouar ◽

Anne-Laure Brun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Stage ◽

Specific Treatment ◽

Imaging Features ◽

Mediastinal Diseases ◽

Pictorial Review ◽

Wide Range ◽

Chest X Ray ◽

Delayed Recognition ◽

Patient’S History ◽

Contiguous Spread

Abstract Acute or chronic non-neoplastic diffuse mediastinal diseases have multiple causes, degrees of severity, and a wide range of management. Some situations require emergency care while others do not need specific treatment. Although the diagnosis may be suspected on chest X-ray, it is mainly based on CT. A delayed recognition is not uncommonly observed. Some findings may prompt the radiologist to look for specific associated injuries or lesions. This pictorial review will successively describe the various non-neoplastic causes of diffuse mediastinal diseases with their typical findings and major differentials. First, pneumomediastinum that can be provoked by extra- or intra-thoracic triggers requires the knowledge of patient’s history or recent occurrences. Absence of any usual etiological factor should raise suspicion of cocaine inhalation in young individuals. Next, acute mediastinitis may be related to post-operative complications, esophageal perforation, or contiguous spread of odontogenic or retropharyngeal infections. The former diagnosis is not an easy task in the early stage, owing to the similarities of imaging findings with those of normal post-operative appearance during the first 2–3 weeks. Finally, fibrosing mediastinitis that is linked to an excessive fibrotic reaction in the mediastinum with variable compromise of mediastinal structures, in particular vascular and airway ones. Differential diagnosis includes tumoral and inflammatory infiltrations of the mediastinum.

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Extraosseous Ewing’s Sarcoma: Pictorial Review of Imaging Findings, Differential Diagnosis, and Pathologic Correlation

Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1729770 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alan Alexander ◽

Kyle Hunter ◽

Michael Rubin ◽

Ambarish P. Bhat

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Ewing’S Sarcoma ◽

Ewing's Sarcoma ◽

Multimodality Imaging ◽

Imaging Features ◽

Older Children ◽

Radiologic Findings ◽

Pictorial Review ◽

Malignant Mesenchymal Tumor ◽

Extraosseous Ewing’S Sarcoma

AbstractExtraosseous Ewing’s sarcoma (EES), first described in 1969, is a malignant mesenchymal tumor just like its intraosseous counterpart. Although Ewing’s sarcomas are common bone tumors in young children, EESs are rarer and more commonly found in older children/adults, often carrying a poorer prognosis. We discuss the multimodality imaging features of EES and the differential diagnosis of an aggressive appearing mass in proximity to skeletal structures, with pathologic correlates. This review highlights the need to recognize the variability of radiologic findings in EES such as the presence of hemorrhage, rich vascularity, and cystic or necrotic regions and its imaging similarity to other neoplasms that are closely related pathologically.

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Imaging and clinical features of neurocutaneous melanosis in the pediatric population.

Current Medical Imaging Formerly Current Medical Imaging Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573405617666210527091109 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Mormina Enricomaria ◽

Granata Francesca ◽

Vinci Sergio Lucio ◽

Coglitore Alessandra ◽

Caragliano Antonio Armando ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Cord Compression ◽

Imaging Method ◽

Imaging Features ◽

Multisystem Disease ◽

Neurocutaneous Melanosis ◽

Pubmed Database

Background: Neurocutaneous melanosis (NCM) is a rare nonfamilial phakomatosis characterized by the presence of congenital melanocytic nevi and abnormal melanocytes infiltration of the leptomeninges. Objective & Methods: This paper shows the importance of early diagnosis and the most important imaging features of the disease on CT and MR scans. PubMed database was searched from January 1972 to September 2020. Papers including imaging findings of NCM, clinical, follow-up, and treatment features were collected, selecting only 89 studies. Discussion: NCM is a term used for the first time by van Bogaert in 1948. It refers to a condition caused by an error during morphogenesis and migration leading to leptomeningeal melanocytic accumulation. Although histological findings are the gold standard for diagnosis confirmation, neuroimaging and clinical features strongly support the suspect of NCM. Localization and extension of the lesions are predictive of neurological manifestations related to increased intracranial pressure, mass lesions, or spinal cord compression. CT demonstrates sites of increased density in the anterior temporal lobe - mainly the amygdala - thalami, cerebellum, and frontal lobes base. However, MRI is the best imaging method to diagnose central nervous system lesions, often appearing as T1-short signal areas of the cerebral parenchyma, indicative of central nervous system melanosis. MRI can also reveal associated intracranial and intraspinal abnormalities. Conclusion: Early imaging, when available, is helpful if NCM suspect is raised and may be of guidance in comparing later studies. NCM requires a multidisciplinary approach since it is a multisystem disease with a genetic component.

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Imaging features of male breast cancer: a pictorial review

Breast Cancer Research ◽

10.1186/bcr2081 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 10 (S3) ◽

Author(s):

CR Lloyd ◽

PL Scott-Mackie ◽

RD Leach ◽

CS Ward

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Male Breast Cancer ◽

Male Breast ◽

Imaging Features ◽

Pictorial Review

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Ultrasound imaging of acute scrotum: Pictorial review with etiological correlation

The ASEAN Journal of Radiology ◽

10.46475/aseanjr.2020.12 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 90-109

Author(s):

Anitha Mandava ◽

Veeraiah Koppula ◽

Rohit Yalamanchili ◽

Dilip Yadav ◽

Juluri Rakesh

Keyword(s):

Color Doppler ◽

Acute Scrotum ◽

Imaging Features ◽

First Line ◽

Surgical Exploration ◽

Pictorial Review ◽

Pictorial Essay ◽

Characteristic Imaging ◽

Line Imaging ◽

Urological Emergencies

High resolution ultrasound with color Doppler is the first-line imaging investigation in the evaluation of acute scrotum. It plays a crucial role in distinguishing urological emergencies necessitating immediate surgical exploration from those that can be managed conservatively. Acute scrotal pathologies can involve the scrotal sac or its contents like testis, epididymis and testicular appendages and could range from benign, self-limiting conditions to emergencies. In this pictorial essay, we briefly review the ultrasonographic technique, scrotal anatomy and characteristic imaging features of various pathologies presented as acute scrotum.

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Brain Tumor Reporting and Data System: A Pictorial Review

Neurographics ◽

10.3174/ng.2000069 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 175-185

Author(s):

B. Rao ◽

I. Ikuta ◽

A. Mahajan ◽

A.A. Karam ◽

V.M. Zohrabian

Keyword(s):

Brain Tumor ◽

Brain Tumors ◽

Response To Therapy ◽

Data System ◽

Imaging Features ◽

New Paradigm ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Pictorial Review ◽

Almost All ◽

The Brain

Brain tumors are a diverse group of neoplasms that are a source of substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Primary gliomas constitute almost all malignant brain tumors, with the most aggressive as well as most common form in adults, grade IV glioma or glioblastoma multiforme, carrying an especially poor prognosis. Neuroimaging is critical not only in the identification of CNS tumor but also in treatment-planning and assessing the response to therapy. Structured reporting continues to gain traction in radiology by reducing report ambiguity and improving consistency, while keeping referring clinicians and patients informed. The Brain Tumor Reporting and Data System (BT-RADS) is a relatively new paradigm that attempts to simplify and maximize consistency in radiologic reporting. BT-RADS incorporates MR imaging features, clinical assessment, and timing of therapy to assign each study a score or category, which is, in turn, linked to a management suggestion. The purpose of this pictorial review article is to familiarize radiologists and nonradiology neurologic specialists alike with BT-RADS, highlighting both advantages and limitations, in the hope that adoption of this system might ultimately facilitate more effective communication and improve consistency among reports.Learning Objective: To describe the features and underscore the advantages and disadvantages of the Brain Tumor Reporting and Data System (BT-RADS), a relatively new classification system that attempts to simplify and maximize consistency in radiologic reporting

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Checklist of the oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of the Republic of Colombia

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.5087.1.2 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 5087 (1) ◽

pp. 35-58

Author(s):

ANDRÉS A. SALAZAR-FILLIPPO ◽

LADISLAV MIKO

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Latin American ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Neotropical Region ◽

Oribatid Mites ◽

The Past ◽

Real Community ◽

The Republic ◽

Latin American Countries

This checklist of oribatid mites of the Republic of Colombia compiles and provides a taxonomic update of all records known up to 2020. It includes 192 entries accounting for 68 named and 47 unnamed species belonging to 73 genera and 58 families of non-astigmatid oribatid mites. Specimens from the brachypyline supercohort were dominant (54.7%), followed by Mixonomata (30.7%). However, current knowledge is far from being complete and distribution patterns show large gaps throughout the country due to this lacking knowledge and most existing investigations only include group specific studies that prevent from any conclusions regarding the real community composition of oribatids in Colombia. From 32 political-administrative departments, oribatids have been reported in 20, but 5 account for 65% of the records. These are: Cundinamarca -including Bogotá D.C.- (24.4%), Magdalena (21.8%), Nariño (6.3%), La Guajira (6.3%), and Quindío (5.9%). Whereas most oribatid reports in the Neotropical region have taken place during the past five decades, a map presented in this document shows that Colombia still lags behind other Latin American countries. Mexico, Argentina, and Brazil, for instance, have reported the highest number of species for the region and are the only nations that possess national oribatid checklists in Latin America. The current work represents a national baseline of oribatids encouraging further study of this clearly underrepresented group.

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Imaging appearances of toxic and acquired metabolic encephalopathic disorders

British Journal of Hospital Medicine ◽

10.12968/hmed.2019.80.7.372 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 80 (7) ◽

pp. 372-376

Author(s):

Tharunniya Vamadevan ◽

David Howlett ◽

Maria Filyridou

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Metabolic Disorders ◽

Clinical Presentation ◽

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ◽

District General Hospital ◽

Imaging Features ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Diagnostic Uncertainty ◽

Pictorial Review

Most imaging findings relating to toxic and acquired metabolic disorders follow a certain pattern with affinity to a specific topographic area, which can help narrow the differential diagnosis. This is especially useful when the clinical presentation can be variable and there is diagnostic uncertainty. Usually, there is bilateral symmetrical abnormality within the deep grey matter structures and the cerebral cortex because of the high metabolic activity and raised oxygen requirements in these areas. Magnetic resonance imaging, particularly diffusion weighted imaging and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences, is very important in differentiating between various aetiologies in this group. Magnetic resonance imaging can be useful in demonstrating both acute and chronic damage, in evaluating treatment response and in disease prognostication. This pictorial review discusses the computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging appearances of a spectrum of toxic and metabolic disorders observed in a district general hospital with reference to clinical presentation and imaging features that may allow diagnosis. This includes carbon monoxide poisoning, hypoglycaemia, non-ketotic hyperglycaemia, osmotic demyelination syndrome, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy, the syndrome of delayed post-hypoxic leukoencephalopathy, hepatic encephalopathy and cocaine toxicity.

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A PSA for Radiologists: Pictorial Review of Incidentalomas on Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal ◽

10.1016/j.carj.2018.09.005 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

pp. 134-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amanzo A. Ho ◽

S. Sejal Khara ◽

David J. Ferguson ◽

Mohammed F. Mohammed ◽

Silvia D. Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Incidental Findings ◽

Imaging Study ◽

Imaging Features ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Patient Anxiety ◽

Prostate Mri ◽

Pictorial Review ◽

Clinically Significant

Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the prostate is a powerful and increasingly utilized imaging study for the diagnosis, staging, and surveillance of prostate cancer. With greater adoption by clinicians, it is becoming more common for incidental findings to be first detected on prostate MRI. Inadequate description of clinically significant findings may not prompt appropriate patient management, while over-reporting of indolent findings comes at increased patient anxiety, cost of workup, and iatrogenic risk. This review article aims to improve awareness, review pathophysiology, and present key imaging features of incidental findings seen on prostate MRI, ranging from common to rare and from benign to clinically significant.

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Latin American Physical Educators’ Intention to Teach Individuals With Disabilities

Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly ◽

10.1123/apaq.2014-0167 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 213-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Luis Columna ◽

Luz Amelia Hoyos-Cuartas ◽

John T. Foley ◽

Jose Rafael Prado-Perez ◽

Dana Milena Chavarro-Bermeo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Students With Disabilities ◽

Latin American ◽

Predictor Variables ◽

Physical Educators ◽

Individuals With Disabilities ◽

Type Method ◽

American Physical ◽

Descriptive Survey ◽

Latin American Countries

Purpose:To analyze Latin American physical education (PE) teachers’ intentions toward teaching students with disabilities.Participants:474 in-service PE teachers from 5 different Latin American countries.Method:Descriptive survey. Data were collected using a modified version of the Physical Educators’ Intention Toward Teaching Individuals With Disabilities Survey. Multiple-regression analysis showed significant differences in the attitudes of teachers by gender, the number of adapted-PE courses taken, and years of experience working with individuals with disabilities.Results:The predictor variables had a significant impact on the participants’ intentions toward teaching children with disabilities; however, the effects of these predictor variables differed between countries.

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