Analysis of Experimental Cross-Sections of Charge Exchange between Hydrogen Atoms and Protons Yields More Evidence of the Existence of the Second Flavor of Hydrogen Atoms

Measurements of cross-sections of charge exchange between hydrogen atoms and low energy protons (down to the energy ~10 eV) revealed a noticeable discrepancy with previous theories. The experimental cross-sections were systematically slightly higher—beyond the error margins—than the theoretical predictions. In the present paper, we study whether this discrepancy can be eliminated or at least reduced by using the Second Flavor of Hydrogen Atoms (SFHA) in calculations. We show that for the SFHA, the corresponding cross-section is noticeably larger than for the usual hydrogen atoms. We demonstrate that the allowance for the SFHA does bring the theoretical cross-sections in a noticeably better agreement with the corresponding experiments within the experimental error margins. This seems to constitute yet another evidence from atomic experiments that the SFHA is present within the mixture of hydrogen atoms. In combination with the first corresponding piece of evidence from the analysis of atomic experiments (concerning the distribution of the linear momentum in the ground state of hydrogen atoms), as well as with the astrophysical evidence from two different kinds of observations (the anomalous absorption of the redshifted 21 cm radio line from the early universe and the smoother distribution of dark matter than that predicted by the standard cosmology), the results of the present paper reinforce the status of the SFHA as the candidate for dark matter, or at least for a part of it.

Image und Kompetenz von Fachübersetzern

Translators of specialized communication need to meet challenging requirements. Nevertheless, according to a survey by the German Federal Association of Interpreters and Translators (BDÜ), many freelance technical translators are not able to make an adequate living. One reason for this dilemma might be the noticeable discrepancy between the translator competences required by clients and the competences that translators actually develop during their academic studies. The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the requirements clients place on freelance translators, especially in the field of Technical Documentation. Prior research in Translation Studies and Technical Documentation postulates that subject area competence is one of the most important client requirements. Hence the paper focuses on translators’ subject area competence which is defined by Kelly (2005) as a sufficient degree of knowledge of their subject area allowing them to solve translation problems. For the present paper, an online survey of potential clients was conducted. The aim was to verify if clients consider subject area competence as especially important for freelance technical translators. The results show that for the surveyed persons subject area competence is the most important translators’ competence, which leads into a discussion of the opportunities for freelance translators to make an adequate living and the implications fortranslator education at universities.

Research into the advanced experimental methods for precision ion stopping range measurements in matter

The article presents the results of the experimental research on precision measurement of total stopping range and energy deposition function of intermediate and heavy ion beams in cold solid matter. The “thick target” method proves to be appropriate for this purpose. Two types of detectors were developed which provide an error of the total stopping range measurement of less than 3% and of the beam energy deposition function of about 7%. The experiments with 58Ni+26, 197Au+65, and 238U+72 ion beams in the energy range 100–300 MeV/u were performed on SIS-18 (Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt) in 1999–2001. The measured data on the total stopping ranges for the above ion species in bulk and foiled Al and Cu targets are presented. The investigation showed that there is a noticeable discrepancy between the measured stopping ranges and the theoretically predicted ones. Also, it was shown that realistic ion energy deposition depends on the type of target (bulk or foiled). Further investigation is necessary to clarify the latter.

The Determination of the Equator-Point for Observing Star Declinations

The deolinations of the stars are by definition reckoned from the celestial equator. However this great circle is not marked on the sky; therefore, instead of dejclinations, the polar distances of the stars are measured, as the position of the pole can be found by observing a star in upper and lower culmination and taking the mean zenith distance, corrected for changes in the position of the star and observer during the elapsed interval of time. Thus the zero point of the polar distance to be measured is established and it remains to determine the scale, which is given by the divisions of the circle. These divisions must be carefully investigated as to their strict equality and they must go around the circle without a gap or overlapping. In this way, the scale has only one fixed point in the pole, while the other end near the equator hangs loosely. This leads to a noticeable discrepancy near the celestial equator when the measurements starting from the north pole meet those from the south pole. It would be very valuable if we could determine the position of an intermediate point, say on the equator, for then the measurements would be established at both ends and would consist of an interpolation between two fixed points. This can be achieved by determining the exact absolute declinations of a number of stars situated close to the equator with different right ascensions. We shall explain how this can be done.