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2020 ◽  
pp. 315-318
Author(s):  
Ana Hedberg Olenina

Over the past twenty years, evolving technologies have allowed us to map the activity of the brain with unprecedented precision. Initially driven by medical goals, neuroscience has advanced to the level where it is rapidly transforming our understanding of emotions, empathy, reasoning, love, morality, and free will. What is at stake today is our sense of the self: who we are, how we act, how we experience the world, and how we interact with it. By now nearly all of our subjective mental states have been tied to some particular patterns of cortical activity. Beyond the radical philosophical implications, these studies have far-reaching social consequences. Neuroscientists are authoritatively establishing norms and deviations; they make predictions about our behavior based on processes that lie outside our conscious knowledge and control. The insights of neuroscience are being imported into the social sphere, informing debates in jurisprudence, forensics, healthcare, education, business, and politics. A recent collection of essays, compiled by Semir Zeki, a leading European proponent of applied neuroscience, in collaboration with the American lawyer Oliver Goodenough, calls for further integration of lab findings into discussions of public policy and personnel training....


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Zehentreiter

Die Entwicklung der kognitiven Neurobiologie sehen viele Neurowissenschaftlern als eine Herausforderung der exakten Wissenschaften an die alten Theorien des Geistes. Von einem neuen Menschenbild ist die Rede. Da diese kognitivistische Wende sich primär in der Entschlüsselung der visuellen Wahrnehmung vollzog, blieb es nicht aus, dass sie schließlich zu einer eigenen Neuroästhetik der bildenden Kunst führte. Parallel dazu vereinten sich neurologische Forschungen über die Audition mit kognitivistischen Ansätzen innerhalb der Musiktheorie zu einer hirnphysiologisch fundierten Musikpsychologie. Die vorliegende Studie beschäftigt sich kritisch mit den hiermit verbundenen Ansprüchen an eine neue, wissenschaftlich begründbare Ästhetik und zeigt, dass Erkenntnisse über die neurologischen Korrelate von bildnerischen oder musikalischen Tätigkeiten nicht gleichzeitig weiterführende Einsichten über das Wesen der Kunst ermöglichen. Vielmehr werden diese Korrelate erst dann als biologische Grundlagen der Kunst fassbar, wenn die Koordination der zuständigen neuronalen Elemente, ihre »Bindung«, auf die immanenten Strukturanforderungen künstlerischer Kompositionalität bezogen werden kann. Dabei richtet sich die Kritik des Autors vor allem auf die beiden exponiertesten Vertreter der Neuroästhetik, Semir Zeki und Eric Kandel sowie auf den neurobiologischen Konstruktivismus von Wolf Singer. Er zeigt, dass es sich bei den dort formulierten Theorien der Kunst und des Geistes um einen halbierten Operationalismus handelt, dem er einen unreduzierten Operationalismus der sinnregulierten Wirklichkeit entgegensetzt. Diesen skizziert er mit Bezug auf die generative Linguistik von Noam Chomsky, die genetische Erkenntnistheorie von Jean Piaget und den interpretativen Strukturalismus von Ulrich Oevermann. Dabei bringt er auch die neuartigen autonomieästhetischen Perspektiven dieser Positionen zur Geltung.


2019 ◽  
pp. 336-352
Author(s):  
Mark Hussey

The early twentieth-century revolution in visual art that came to be known in England as post-impressionism emphasized the view that artistic creativity resides not only in the making of the artwork, but also in the interaction between the artwork and the spectator, an orientation which the contemporary discipline of neuroaesthetics holds in our time. Clive Bell’s theory of “significant form” provided an approachable way for the British public to integrate their understanding of the new art into existing notions of art history and led to a severely diminished role for representation in visual art. Bell’s theory is identifiable as one manifestation of pervasive changes in the understanding of creativity and perception that were sweeping through Europe in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Bell could not say why certain combinations of lines and colors led to the experience of an “aesthetic emotion,” only that they did. Contemporary researchers in neuroaesthetics, such as Semir Zeki, have returned to Bell’s notion to ask whether the experience of aesthetic emotion might be due to some common neural organization. This chapter points to commonalities between the speculations of Bell and other members of the Bloomsbury Group, such as Virginia Woolf and Roger Fry, and those of contemporary researchers into brain processes.


Consciousness ◽  
2014 ◽  
pp. 175-179
Author(s):  
Andrea Eugenio Cavanna ◽  
Andrea Nani
Keyword(s):  

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 476-477
Author(s):  
Alice Theilgaard

Semir Zeki is professor of neurobiology at the University of London, a pioneer in the study of the visual brain, and his massive, up-to-date knowledge of the complexity of the visual system is clearly evident on every page. But what is particularly impressive to the reviewer is how he combines such detailed, in-depth knowledge of neuroscience with rich insights into art. Not many have been able to cross disciplinary boundaries with such grace and to such thought-provoking effect.


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