Experimental Realization of Square/Triangular Wave Generator using Commercially Available ICs

This paper deals with the experimental realization of square/triangular wave generator using commercially available ICs. A prototype of extra-X second generation current conveyor and five passive components are used in the experimental setup. The proposed generator provides both square and triangular waveforms simultaneously in voltage-mode. The circuit enjoys the feature of independent controllability of oscillation frequency via grounded resistor/grounded capacitor. A range of oscillation frequency from 3[Formula: see text]Hz to 250[Formula: see text]Hz is easily achieved via variation in one of the grounded resistors for a fixed value of capacitor. Moreover, a range of oscillation frequency from 19.8[Formula: see text]Hz to 19.2[Formula: see text]kHz can be achieved through the variation in grounded capacitor. The experimental results show that the performance of the proposed generator is good at operating frequency as low as at 19.8 Hz and as high as 19.2[Formula: see text]kHz. Therefore, the proposed circuit can operate well from extra-low-frequency range to very-low-frequency range. Furthermore, the maximum nonlinearity of oscillation frequency is found to be 4% only.

Fully Electronically Tunable and Easily Cascadable Square/Triangular Wave Generator with Duty Cycle Adjustment

A novel multiple-output dual-X current conveyor transconductance amplifier with buffer-based square/triangular wave generator is introduced in the paper. The proposed generator provides square wave in current mode and triangular wave in voltage mode. Outputs as square and triangular waves are available from terminals with appropriate impedance levels thereby making the proposed generator circuit easily cascadable in both current and voltage modes. The oscillation frequency and amplitude of output square wave are electronically and independently controllable. One more interesting feature of the proposed generator circuit is the adjustable duty cycle. The proposed circuit of square/triangular wave generator is verified through the HSPICE simulation results carried using 0.18[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m CMOS technology. The simulation results show linear variation of duty cycle against external DC current over a range of 6.5–96%. The variation of square wave’s amplitude via bias current is found to be linear from 10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]A to 80[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]A. Moreover, the proposed generator can operate very well up to 23.8[Formula: see text]MHz with nonlinearity less than 5%. The proposed generator circuit is also experimentally verified.