Etyka w bankowości

The article presents the rich and complex ethics related to business activity, including banking. The basic issues in this field were presented, taken both from the literature on this subject and from banking practice, by reviewing the ethical values contained in the „Code of Banking Ethics”, a set of rules of conduct related to the activities of banks. It also presents the current economic and financial situation of the Polish banking sector, as well as the evolution of transformations and changes taking place in banking over the years. The implementation of the set goal required the following research methods: scientific observation based on a review of the available literature, studies and source materials from the banking sector, along with analysis and inference.

Tindak Pidana Pembobolan Dana Nasabah dapat Mengurangi Kepercayaan Masyarakat terhadap Industri Perbankan

The development of the banking industry by entering the current era of globalization and liberalization of financial markets, has resulted in increased competition among banks, especially in fund raising. Therefore, bank management is required to have the skills to manage the bank's wealth, debt and capital reflected in the bank's balance sheet well. A more fundamental of the expertise and skills in managing the bank, it is necessary to be careful and followed by the good faith of the bank management, ranging from the board of commissioners, directors and employees of the bank. This means that bank managers should be the party that always adheres to the high code of banking ethics and complies with all applicable laws and regulations in the banking sector. But in practice, it is not always possible to run well if it is not covered by the possibility of food-storage that leads to fraud by breaking customer funds conducted internally by the bank itself. Of these problems raises fundamental questions, namely (1) What causes the criminal breach of customer funds in the banking industry, and (2) How to resolve the criminal breach of customer funds in the banking industry. To answer both questions, legal research methods are used. Normative juridical approach (legal research), namely research on positive laws by evaluating the relevant rule of law. This approach identifies and codified the law as the norm, rules, regulations related to the criminal breach of customer funds in the banking industry.

CODES OF BANKING ETHICS AND BANKING SOFT LAW IN POLAND

Codes of banking ethics are increasingly common, but practice shows that they are not of major importance to bank customers. In the article it is assumed that the codes do not fulfill their functions, including the function of protecting the consumer against fraudulent practices and abuse of the dominant position of the bank in relation to the retail client. The codes contain norms specifying the most important general clauses that are used in banking law, in particular the clause of good morals and commercial honesty. In order to comply with the principles of good practice and banking ethics, it is necessary to “stiffen” the standards of soft law which are so important that they should be clearly sanctioned. To achieve it, it is necessary to introduce to the banking soft law the information that in the case of dispute with the bank a consumer may also refer to a breach of self-regulations.

Challenges of the Nigerian Banking Sector and the Way Forward

Nigerian banking sector struggle with challenges in the day to day running of their business activities, challenges are enormous and can either be market or operational challenges and regulatory or reforms challenges instituted by the regulatory agencies such as CBN, NDIC, SEC and CIBN etc. Therefore, this paper seeks to examine the challenges facing the Nigerian banking sector and proper possible solutions to the challenges based on the prevailing economic environment. The paper utilized questionnaires as source of data collection, fifteen out of 24 banks were selected based on purposive sampling method. Chi-Square (x2) method was adopted as a statistical tool of data analysis to analyze the collected data. The result reveals that myriad of challenges exist in the Nigerian banking sector some of which are challenges both within and outside Nigeria. Banks are left behind in technological innovation aspect of banking transactions, movement of high volume of deposit or capital flight to foreign banks by the political class which reduce banks opportunity to expand their market base and the prevalent of fraud in the sector also hinders the banks progress, these challenges affects the sector to compete equally with banking sector in the developed nations. However, we also found that the challenges does not affect their financial performance. It is recommended that that government and relevant regulatory agencies should put heads together to render support and address those challenges identified that affect the sector, also Nigerian banking sector should invest in both technological innovation and human capital development, they should imbibe the culture of good corporate governance and stick to the issue of banking ethics and professionalism among others.

MEASUREMENT OF ETHICS IN BUSINESS CONDUCT OF BANKS: DOUBLE APPROACH // MJERENJE ETIČNOSTI U POSLOVNOM PONAŠANJU BANAKA: DVOJNI PRISTUP

The ethics in bank’s business is a combination of policies and practices that can be used to satisfy the interests of different stakeholders. The paper analyzes the banks’ business ethics in Bosnia and Herzegovina by identifying the level of trust between clients and banks. For the purpose, we used a dual approach measuring the application of general bank’s ethics principles, principles of respect for human rights, sales and principles of using and sharing information. The aim of the paper is to examine and evaluate the application of the principle of bank’s business ethics and to compare the attitudes of different groups of respondents. We begins with the hypothesis that there are no significant differences in the attitudes of clients and bank employees on the application of the banking ethics principles in establishing and maintaining business relationships with clients. For the purpose and using structured questionnaire, we conducted primary research on two samples of respondents, clients and employees. The collected data were tested using a two-tailed ‘z-score’ test. The results indicate the significant statistical differences in the attitudes of testing two normally distributed samples. Promotion of business ethics in order to align client and employee r equirements in B&H banks is recommended for two levels of capacity development: the development a system for generating initial ideas by sales staff capable to recognize client needs and improving the cRM system in B&H banks.