Methanogens in the Environment: An Insight of Methane Yield and Impact on Global Climate Change

Methane is a most important greenhouse gas for planetary heating and it’s produced by methanogenic microorganisms as a metabolic byproduct and creates climate change. Methanogens are ancient organisms on earth found in anaerobic environments and methane is a key greenhouse gas concerned with methanogens. Therefore here is intense interest to writing this paper. A number of experiments have already conducted to study the methanogens in various environments such as rumen and intestinal system of animals, fresh water and marine sediments, swamps and marshes, hot springs, sludge digesters, and within anaerobic protozoa which utilize carbon dioxide in the presence of hydrogen and produce methane. The diversity of methanogens, belong to the domain Archaea and get involved in biological production of methane that catalyzes the degradation of organic compound as a part of global carbon cycle called methanogenesis. Majorly in this article we summaries the diversity of methanogens and their impact on global warming.

Drug Susceptibility Testing of Anaerobic Protozoa

ABSTRACT A simple technique for routine, reproducible global surveillance of the drug susceptibility status of the anaerobic protozoaTrichomonas, Entamoeba, and Giardia is described. Data collected using this technique can be readily compared among different laboratories and with previously reported data. The technique employs a commercially available sachet and bag system to generate a low-oxygen environment and log2 drug dilutions in microtiter plates, which can be monitored without aerobic exposure, to assay drug-resistant laboratory lines and clinically resistant isolates. MICs (after 2 days) of 3.2 and 25 μM indicated metronidazole-sensitive and highly clinically resistant isolates ofT. vaginalis in anaerobic assays, respectively. The aerobic MICs were 25 and >200 μM. MICs (1 day) of 12.5 to 25 μM were found for axenic lines of E. histolytica, and MICs for G. duodenalis (3 days) ranged from 6.3 μM for metronidazole-sensitive isolates to 50 μM for laboratory metronidazole-resistant lines. This technique should encourage more extensive monitoring of drug resistance in these organisms.