diterpenoid biosynthesis
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PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12300
Author(s):  
Jingwen Zhou ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
Min Shuai ◽  
Zhu-Yun Yan ◽  
Xin Chen

Salvia miltiorrhiza (Labiatae) is an important medicinal plant in traditional Chinese medicine. Tanshinones are one of the main active components of S. miltiorrhiza. It has been found that the intraspecific variation of S. miltiorrhiza is relatively large and the content of tanshinones in its roots of different varieties is also relatively different. To investigate the molecular mechanisms that responsible for the differences among these varieties, the tanshinones content was determined and comparative transcriptomics analysis was carried out during the tanshinones accumulation stage. A total of 52,216 unigenes were obtained from the transcriptome by RNA sequencing among which 23,369 genes were differentially expressed among different varieties, and 2,016 genes including 18 diterpenoid biosynthesis-related genes were differentially expressed during the tanshinones accumulation stage. Functional categorization of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among these varieties revealed that the pathway related to photosynthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, diterpenoid biosynthesis, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis are the most differentially regulated processes in these varieties. The six tanshinone components in these varieties showed different dynamic changes in tanshinone accumulation stage. In addition, combined with the analysis of the dynamic changes, 277 DEGs (including one dehydrogenase, three CYP450 and 24 transcription factors belonging to 12 transcription factor families) related to the accumulation of tanshinones components were obtained. Furthermore, the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of these 277 DEGs suggested that there might be an interconnection between the primary metabolic processes, signaling processes and the accumulation of tanshinones components. This study expands the vision of intraspecific variation and gene regulation mechanism of secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways in medicinal plants from the “omics” perspective.


2021 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 113827
Author(s):  
Lina Mei ◽  
Youjin Yan ◽  
Zhengchun Li ◽  
Jiaxin Ran ◽  
Luonan Shen ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingting Zhang ◽  
Jiebing Cui ◽  
Hailiang Hu ◽  
Jinyu Xue ◽  
Junjie Yang ◽  
...  

Chinese cedar (Cryptomeria fortunei) is a tree species with important ornamental, medicinal, and economic value. Terpenoids extracted from the essential oil of C. fortunei needles have been considered valuable ingredients in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. However, the possible gene regulation mechanisms that limit terpenoid biosynthesis in this genus are poorly understood. Here, we adopted integrated metabolome analysis, transcriptome, small-RNA (sRNA), and degradome sequencing to analyze the differences in terpenoid regulatory mechanisms in two different overwintering C. fortunei phenotypes (wild-type and an evergreen mutant). A total of 1447/6219 differentially synthesized metabolites (DSMs)/unigenes (DEGs) were detected through metabolome/transcriptome analyses, and these DSMs/DEGs were significantly enriched in flavonoid and diterpenoid biosynthesis pathways. In C. fortunei needles, 587 microRNAs (miRNAs), including 67 differentially expressed miRNAs (DERs), were detected. Among them, 8346 targets of 571 miRNAs were predicted using degradome data, and a 72-miRNA-target regulatory network involved in the metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides was constructed. Forty-one targets were further confirmed to be involved in terpenoid backbone and diterpenoid biosynthesis, and target analyses revealed that two miRNAs (i.e., aly-miR168a-5p and aof-miR396a) may be related to the different phenotypes and to differential regulation of diterpenoid biosynthesis. Overall, these results reveal that C. fortunei plants with the evergreen mutation maintain high terpenoid levels in winter through miRNA-target regulation, which provides a valuable resource for essential oil-related bioengineering research.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhimin Hu ◽  
Xiuyu Liu ◽  
Mei Tian ◽  
Ying Ma ◽  
Baolong Jin ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Hanson

The scope of the microbiological transformation of ent-kaurenoid diterpenes by the fungus Fusarium (Gibberella) fujikuroi which utilise the ent-kaurene and ent-kauren-19-oic acid oxidases and the ring contraction of ring B to gibberellin is reviewed. Constraints arising from the presence of 3α, 15α and 18-hydroxyl groups are noted. The development of a group of potential plant growth regulators which inhibit the ring contraction step in gibberellin biosynthesis is described.


2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meimei Xu ◽  
Matthew L. Hillwig ◽  
Mollie S. Tiernan ◽  
Reuben J. Peters

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