Fitness Analysis Of Water Suitability For Seaeed Cultivation Kappahycus Alvarezii In South Buton Regency, Southeast Sulawesi

Seaweed cultivation in Indonesia is more focused on the production of Kappaphycus alvarezii species as a carrageenan producer. Land suitability analysis is an important stage in the preparation of spatial planning for coastal areas. This study aims to determine the appropriate location of the waters based on physical and chemical parameters using GIS. The research method is survey methods to get actual data related to seaweed cultivation activities. The spatial analysis of land suitability was carried out with a geographic information system based on the results of the x-weight score. The results of the analysis show that the spatial distribution that can be used for seaweed cultivation in the Batauga sub-district is 280 ha (very suitable) and Sampolawa 519 ha (very suitable), 838 ha (suitable), 234 ha (unsuitable).

In vitro evolution of Remdesivir resistance reveals genome plasticity of SARS-CoV-2

Remdesivir (RDV) is used widely for COVID-19 patients despite varying results in recent clinical trials. Here, we show how serially passaging SARS-CoV-2 in vitro in the presence of RDV selected for drug-resistant viral populations. We determined that the E802D mutation in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase was sufficient to confer decreased RDV sensitivity without affecting viral fitness. Analysis of more than 200,000 sequences of globally circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants show no evidence of widespread transmission of RDV-resistant mutants. Surprisingly, we also observed changes in the Spike (i.e., H69 E484, N501, H655) corresponding to mutations identified in emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants indicating that they can arise in vitro in the absence of immune selection. This study illustrates SARS-CoV-2 genome plasticity and offers new perspectives on surveillance of viral variants.One Sentence SummarySARS-CoV-2 drug resistance & genome plasticity