Direct analysis of cotton swipes for plutonium isotope determination by microextraction-ICP-MS

This study demonstrates a method for determining the isotopic composition of low-level (sub-pg) plutonium (Pu) directly from a cotton swipe. Environmental sample (ES) swipes are routinely employed as a tool...

Adaptation of the Method of Radiochemical Determination of Plutonium Isotopes in Soil from the Semipalatinsk Test Site

Presents the results of work to determine the optimal conditions for chemical extraction of samples; solutions are described to minimize the loss of the target radionuclide in the process of chemical separation; the factors influencing the completeness of plutonium isotope precipitation were experimentally determined and eliminated.

Investigation of 137Cs and plutonium isotope sorption–desorption in bio- and synthetic materials

Investigations on the pre-concentration of radionuclides (137Cs and plutonium isotopes) from fresh water on solid matrices are presented in this study. A particular focus was given to an innovative physico-chemical removal process such as adsorption of radionuclides from an aqueous medium on new type adsorbents, environmental-friendly materials. Sorption of the tested radionuclides from the lake water solution by environmental assays and synthetic sorbents was compared. Lake water was analyzed for main anions, micro- and macroelements, using ion and atomic absorption chromatography methods, respectively. Batch type and dynamic flow column laboratory experiments were performed. The sorption–desorption capacity of radionuclides by the tested sorbents was estimated based on the results of α- and γ-spectrometric measurements. According to the removal efficiency results, moss can be considered as the best sorbent for plutonium of the tested environmental-friendly sorbents, whereas the moss sorption capacity exceeded even that of the tested synthetic ones. The highest 137Cs removal efficiency from the lake water solution was obtained for granular activated carbon. Application of the dynamic flow method carried out in situ confirmed the reversibility of sorbed background 137Cs activity in the moss observed during the batch type experiments, and the method of the moss bed column turned to be unfit for the pre-concentration of 137Cs from the lake water. Application of a single moss bed column for the 137Cs and plutonium isotope pre-concentration for the first time carried out in situ allowed us to determine the activity concentration of 239,240Pu and 238Pu in the lake water – 4.87±0.98 and 0.67±0.21 mBq/m3, respectively. The reversible 137Cs and different plutonium sorption in the moss apparently indicates different binding properties of these radionuclides to the moss, therefore further investigations on this issue are foreseen.