ANALYSIS OF FATTY ACIDS FROM OIL OF GREEN TEA (CAMELLIA SINENSIS L) BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY COUPLED WITH FLAME IONIZATION DETECTOR AND ITS ANTICANCER AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY IN VITRO

Objective: Tea is a widely consumed beverage worldwide. The effect of green tea is mainly due to its high polyphenols-(-) epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) content in the culture of cancer cell and bacterial cells. The present work was carried out to investigate the efficacy of green tea oil (GTO) against cancer cells and bacterial cells. Methods: In this study green tea oil was prepared from green tea for different experiment and determination of fatty acids profile from green tea oil. In the present study, peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) was chosen as human peripheral blood lymphocytes and blood cancer MCF-7 cells were chosen as human cancer cells. To fulfill our aims and also to evaluate the activity of this phytomedicine against normal lymphocytes and cancer cells the cell samples were divided into 26 experimental groups in the following ways. Each Petri dish contains 2 X 105 cells. Results: GTO shows a potent anticancer agent but nontoxic to normal cells. The GTO decreases the reduced glutathione (GSH) level and increase the oxidized glutathione (GSSG) level significantly (P<0.05) in MCF-7 cells. But in lymphocytes the GSH level and GSSG level were almost the same with the control group but doxorubicin (DOX) significantly decreased the GSH and increase the GSSG level. Green tea oil treatment causes generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in MCF-7 cells revealed by DCFH2DA staining. Agar diffusion test shows the GTO is effective against multi-drug resistant bacteria. Conclusion: This phytomedicine has a potent anticancer activity without damaging the normal lymphocytes. So, this drug can be used for further treatment of anticancer and antibacterial.

Oxidative Insults of 2, 2-dichlorovinyl-dimethyl phosphate (DDVP), an Organophosphate Insecticide in Rats Brain

The oxidative insult of 2, 2-dichlorovinyl-dimethyl phosphate (DDVP) in male rats brain was investigated. Rats were grouped into four: A, B, C and D where A, (the control) received orally 1 mL of distilled water; B, C and D (test groups) received orally 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg body weight of DDVP respectively for 28 days. DDVP administration caused significant decrease (P<0.05) in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in the brain. Brain levels of glutathione (GSH), total thiol, vitamins C and E were also significantly reduced (P<0.05), while peroxide glutathione (GSSG) level increased significantly (P<0.05). Brain malonidialdehyde and lipid hydroperoxide also increased significantly (P<0.05) in all DDVP treated groups. The available data from this study revealed that DDVP brings about its toxicity through depletion of the antioxidant systems and thus exposing the cells and cellular macromolecules to oxidative assault by reactive oxygen species generated either from its metabolites or other in vivo means. Â

Glutathione metabolic responses to loaded breathing: variation among respiratory muscles

Several studies have shown that loaded breathing elicits an oxidation of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) within the diaphragm, but the effects of loaded breathing on GSH and GSSG levels in other respiratory muscles have not been examined. The present experiment examined this issue by using decerebrate unanesthetized rats in which a large inspiratory resistive load was applied until respiratory arrest. Subsequently, muscle samples from the triangularis sterni, diaphragm (Dia), parasternal intercostal (PI), upper rib cage lateral intercostal, lower rib cage lateral intercostal, and soleus were assayed for GSH and GSSG. Glutathione levels were also measured on samples from unloaded control animals. We found that the Dia from loaded animals had a lower GSH level than did control animals (i.e., 653 +/- 99 and 928 +/- 40 nmol/gm for loaded and control groups, respectively; P < 0.05), higher GSSG level (68 +/- 14 and 32 &/- 7 nmol/gm for loaded and control groups, respectively; P < 0.05), and higher GSSG-to-GSH ratios (GSSG/GSH; 17.0 +/- 6.0 and 3.7 +/- 0.9% for loaded and control groups, respectively; (P <0.05). Of the other muscles examined, only the PI muscles had comparable alterations in glutathione levels in response to loading. Specifically, for the PI muscles of loaded and control groups, GSH was 427 +/- 75 and 618 +/- 40 nmol/g, (P < 0.05), GSSG was 71 +/- 16 and 20 +/- 5 nmol/g (P < 0.01), and GSSG/GSH was 22 +/- 8 and 3.6 +/- 1.2%, respectively (P < 0.05). No other muscle demonstrated a significant increase in GSSG or GSSG/GSH with loading, and only the lower rib cage lateral intercostal had a significant reduction in GSH. These findings indicate variation in the degree of glutathione oxidation elicited by inspiratory loading among the different respiratory muscles. The fact that quantitatively similar glutathione alterations were observed in the Dia and PI muscles suggests that these muscle groups may share a similar propensity to generate free radicals during inspiratory loading.