“A HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF TUMORS OF ORAL CAVITY”

Background: The incidence of oral cavity neoplasms in the population has increased manifold over the years. Oral cancer is one of the common cancers in the world, common in India, and also in Bangladesh, Srilanka and Pakistan. Oral cancer is one of the few cancers, whose cause were known and hence it is possible to prevent. The real challenge in oral cancer lies in its prevention and early diagnosis. Objectives: 1.To study the morphological spectrum of neoplasms in oral cavity. 2.To study the age and gender incidence of various neoplasms. 3.To study the commonest sites of various neoplasms. 4.To evaluate or analyse the associated risk factors. Materials and methods: This is a prospective study of the cases attended to Government General Hospital, Vijayawada or Government Dental College Hospital Vijayawada, of oral cavity neoplasms. The biopsy of the tissues was carried out at the Department of Pathology, Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada. The study period was from June 2011 to August 2013 over a period of two years and three months. Results: The Study comprises a total of 74 surgical biopsies from oral cavity neoplasms received in the Department of Pathology, 52 of these were malignant lesions and 20 were benign tumour and 2 were premalignant conditions. The invasive squamous cell carcinoma was the most frequent histological type of oral cavity neoplasms. Among the oral cancers, peak age th th incidence was the 5 and 6 decade of life. There was signicant male preponderance. Tongue was the most common site involved. Smokeless tobacco consumption was the commonest associated habit which leads to malignancy. Conclusion:In thisa study we observed that among the oral cavity neoplasms, high incidence of carcinomas are seen, among these squamous cell carcinomas are predominant.

IMPROVED DIAGNOSISFOR ORAL MUCOSAL TUMORSIN THE DENTIST’S OFFICE

Based on currently available literature, clinical examination remains the major method when handling cases of suspected malignancy. However, this method does not allow diagnosing cancer, due to which a large group of patients with possible oral mucosa cancer are referred to an oncologist. The search and use of affordable non-invasive methods for early diagnosis of oral mucosa tumors is an urgent issue facing the health system. The study involved analyzing 134 records of outpatients examined at the Samara Regional Oncological Clinic who were referred by dentists within 2014-2019 from the local polyclinic in Samara due to detection of tumors in oral mucosa and who underwent a biopsy. The patients were divided into two groups according to the examination methods. The inclusion criteria were: detection of various superficial oral mucosa neoplasms; referral from the dentist. The exclusion criteria were as follows: patients with submucosal oral cavity neoplasms referred to the oncologist by other medical specialists or self-referred patients. The control group included 63 patients who, after a conventional examination (including interview, examination, palpation), underwent an incisional biopsy followed by morphological examination at the oncologist’s office. In the major group, in 71 patients at their respective initial dental appointments a special examination algorithm was applied. This algorithm entailed an assessment of the identified risk factors. Indications for biopsy were identified using the histological verification index (HVI). Apart from the conventional examination methods (interview, examination, palpation), autofluorescence stomatoscopy was used, this being done for the purpose of differential diagnostics of inflammation, precancerous and malignant issues, depending on the glow type. In the main group, the initial stages of oral mucosa cancer were detected in 17 patients after biopsy; in the control group – in 4 patients (p=0.004). The developed algorithm used for scoring the patient’s clinical examination data combined with autofluorescence stomatoscopy allowed diagnosing accurately (90% of reliability) precancerous and cancerous diseases, as well as to use invasive research methods (biopsy) strictly following the indications. Aim of study: to improve diagnosis of oral mucosa neoplasms through improvement of the examination algorithm.