І. Stravinsky’s orchestral writing of Neo-Classical and serial (late) periods: comparative analysis

Statement of the problem. Neo-Classical and serial (late) periods of I. Stravinsky’s creativity are marked by the shifts in his musical language, which found their reflection in his orchestral writing. “Universals” of style and genre (term of Savenko (2001: 105–163) retain their relevancy. Constant principles of orchestral writing (multi-figure composition, combinatorics and plastique) are used in different combinations. Analysis of recent research and publications. While there are numerous studies devoted to I. Stravinsky’s Neo-Classical and serial (late) periods, no works have composer’s orchestral thinking and orchestral writing as an object of special examination. Thus, scarce studies regarding aspects of composer’s orchestration become even more valuable: about orchestral texture (Schnittke, 1967; Schnittke, 1973, Savenko, 2001; Kashyrtsev, 2020), or interpretation of timbres (Savenko, 2001; Savenko, 2011, Kashyrtsev, 2020), or interconnection of orchestral and harmonically-modal thinking (Gurkov, 1987), or editions (Timofeev, 2014; Timofeev, 2019). The purpose of this article is an examination of specifics of I. Stravinsky’s orchestral writing from the standpoint of peculiarity of application of constant principles of orchestral writing (multi-figure composition, combinatorics and plastique) in the ballet “Jeu de cartes” and the Variations (Aldous Huxley in Memoriam). The novelty of the article is caused by: 1)reveal of beforementioned principles; 2) examination of their existence in evolutionary perspective; 3) bringing attention to relevant problems of orchestration in I. Stravinsky’s works of Neo-Classical and late periods of creativity; 4) formulation of original scholarly definition of the term “orchestral writing”. Methods. In this article stylistic method is used – to study evolutionary processes of composer’s style in dialectic unity of constant and innovative; functional – to examine specifics of functional organisation of orchestral texture; comparative – to reveal different ways in which constant principles of orchestral writing are used on different stages of composer’s evolution. Results and Conclusions. Constant principles of orchestral writing (multifigure composition, combinatorics and plastique), which have already emerged in the primary period, are present in the works of Neo-Classical and late periods in different configurations of their relations. In the ballet “Jeu de cartes” multi-figure composition loses its role in comparison to the early works and is applied hidden due to: 1) motive variants (with the motives being stressed by timbre, texture or register); 2) textural complementarity (which means that multiple figures are used in timbrally-textural algorithm); 3) creation of “protracted” melody, in which the role of motivic “formula” is reduced (which is typical for I. Stravinsky’s Neo-Classical period). At the same time, continuity emerging in Neo-Classical works meets the tendency towards discretion due to influence of such principles as combinatorics and plastique, which retain their relevancy, being realised in different variants in the conditions of functional “clarity” of a texture, as it is a trait of composer’s Neo-Classical musical idiom. The orchestral writing of the Variations (Aldous Huxley in Memoriam) is defined by the principle of combinatorics with the usage of plastique. Serial technique contributed to its reveal. At the same time, the role of multi-figure composition is reduced to a bare minimum, which was caused by rejection of melodic “formularity”.

IMPROVED DIAGNOSISFOR ORAL MUCOSAL TUMORSIN THE DENTIST’S OFFICE

Based on currently available literature, clinical examination remains the major method when handling cases of suspected malignancy. However, this method does not allow diagnosing cancer, due to which a large group of patients with possible oral mucosa cancer are referred to an oncologist. The search and use of affordable non-invasive methods for early diagnosis of oral mucosa tumors is an urgent issue facing the health system. The study involved analyzing 134 records of outpatients examined at the Samara Regional Oncological Clinic who were referred by dentists within 2014-2019 from the local polyclinic in Samara due to detection of tumors in oral mucosa and who underwent a biopsy. The patients were divided into two groups according to the examination methods. The inclusion criteria were: detection of various superficial oral mucosa neoplasms; referral from the dentist. The exclusion criteria were as follows: patients with submucosal oral cavity neoplasms referred to the oncologist by other medical specialists or self-referred patients. The control group included 63 patients who, after a conventional examination (including interview, examination, palpation), underwent an incisional biopsy followed by morphological examination at the oncologist’s office. In the major group, in 71 patients at their respective initial dental appointments a special examination algorithm was applied. This algorithm entailed an assessment of the identified risk factors. Indications for biopsy were identified using the histological verification index (HVI). Apart from the conventional examination methods (interview, examination, palpation), autofluorescence stomatoscopy was used, this being done for the purpose of differential diagnostics of inflammation, precancerous and malignant issues, depending on the glow type. In the main group, the initial stages of oral mucosa cancer were detected in 17 patients after biopsy; in the control group – in 4 patients (p=0.004). The developed algorithm used for scoring the patient’s clinical examination data combined with autofluorescence stomatoscopy allowed diagnosing accurately (90% of reliability) precancerous and cancerous diseases, as well as to use invasive research methods (biopsy) strictly following the indications. Aim of study: to improve diagnosis of oral mucosa neoplasms through improvement of the examination algorithm.

Shaping the World of Scholars: the Soft Power of Emperor Kangxi (1661-1722)

Modern scholarship has noted that the Kangxi emperor’s patronage of scholars is a form of “soft power” that assisted the Qing ruler during the Kangxi reign to achieve success in conquering the minds and hearts of Han Chinese, especially those eminent scholars who remained loyal to the fallen dynasty. This “soft power” emerged after the Kangxi government had decisively quelled the revolt of the Three Feudatories (San fan三藩) (1673-1681). In 1679 the boxue hongru博學鴻儒special examination signalled a significant moment in which the Kangxi emperor adopted a more diplomatic and personal approach to scholars under his rule. This paper examines several examples of scholars’ presenting (jin cheng 進呈）their scholarly works to the emperor/government. By analysing the Kangxi emperor’s tactics for fostering this particular scholarly phenomenon, this study reveals the key elements behind his successful use of soft power in shaping the intellectual milieu of the time.

Shaping the World of Scholars: the Soft Power of Emperor Kangxi (1661-1722)

Modern scholarship has noted that the Kangxi emperor’s patronage of scholars is a form of “soft power” that assisted the Qing ruler during the Kangxi reign to achieve success in conquering the minds and hearts of Han Chinese, especially those eminent scholars who remained loyal to the fallen dynasty. This “soft power” emerged after the Kangxi government had decisively quelled the revolt of the Three Feudatories (San fan三藩) (1673-1681). In 1679 the boxue hongru博學鴻儒special examination signalled a significant moment in which the Kangxi emperor adopted a more diplomatic and personal approach to scholars under his rule. This paper examines several examples of scholars’ presenting (jin cheng 進呈）their scholarly works to the emperor/government. By analysing the Kangxi emperor’s tactics for fostering this particular scholarly phenomenon, this study reveals the key elements behind his successful use of soft power in shaping the intellectual milieu of the time.

Features of Licensing the Activities of Enterprises and Organizations in the Interests of the Ministries of Defense of the Russian Federation

The purpose of the article: the best of the existing procedure for assessing the conformity of organizations, industrial enterprises and institutions - developers of software and hardware complexes used in weapons and military equipment. Research methods: system analysis, development of methods. Result: draft methods for checking the archive during special examinations of enterprises and organizations - applicants for a license of the Ministry of Defense of Russia for activities to create information security tools and verify the compliance of software development processes with the requirements of GOST R 56939-2016 during a special examination of licensees of the Ministry of Defense of Russia in the field of creating information security tools have been developed.

Sul cd. Fragmentum Dositheanum

Through a special examination of some features of the text commonly referred to as Fragmentum Dositheanum, the author argues that, despite the reference in a paragraph to the knowledge of ‘regulae’, the classical jurisprudential work from which the fragment is taken was not a book of regulae, but an elementary work of a close scholastic nature; moreover, according to the author, this scholastic work might be Gaius’ Res cottidianae.

Using Project-Based Learning to Develop Social and Political Practices as Life-Long Learning Skills

Recent research shows that teaching learners to maintain positive attitudes and engage in social and political practices is an important educational asset, mainly for schools that adopt project-based learning. To set an efficient background for schools to support students’ understanding of both political and social participation, important preconditions of democratic school culture form effective outcomes to generate ethical behaviors. Today, social and political measures of project-based learning in schools provide important opportunities to engage learners in life-long activities. Thus, the central aim of these measures is to promote the efficiency of decision-making within schools, which shape all classic criteria for both functioning political and social integrity. This paper aims at examining important venues that school leaders wish to implement to foster new ethical participation within and outside school life by adopting project-based learning. It attempts to unravel the timely challenges of such implementation and the different perspectives for the progress of many educational institutions. Hence, the paper adheres to a meta-analysis technique, whereby a special examination of the various already conducted studies came out with conclusions: perspectives and challenges. Owing to its generative, and diagnostic nature, this method allows the researcher to explore some pitfalls which provide potential opportunities for alternative conclusions to be adopted in well-run approaches. The major results and conclusions drawn from this paper are to be deeply and qualitatively discussed and analyzed.

Pericarditis in contemporary therapeutic clinic: nosological spectrum, approaches to diagnosis and treatment

Aim.To analyze the register of pericarditis in a therapeutic clinic, to evaluate their nosological spectrum, to optimize approaches to diagnosis and treatment. Materials and methods.For the period 20072018, the register includes 76 patients with the diagnosis of pericarditis (average age 53.115.7 years, 2085 years, 46 female). Patients with hydropericardium were not included in the register. Diagnostic puncture of pericardium was carried out in 5 patients, pleural puncture in 11 patients. Morphological diagnostics included endomyocardial/ intraoperative biopsy of myocardium (n=4/2), thoracoscopic/intraoperative biopsy of pericardium (n=1/6), pleural puncture (n=5), transbronchial (n=1), thoracoscopic biopsy of intrathoracic lymph nodes (n=2), lung (n=1), supraclavicular lymph node biopsy (n=1), salivary gland (n=1), subcutaneous fat and rectum biopsy per amyloid (n=6/1). The genome of cardiotropic viruses, level of anti-heart antibodies, C-reactive protein, antinuclear factor, rheumatoid factor (antibodies to cyclic citrullinized peptide), antibodies to neutrophil cytoplasm were determined, extractable nuclear antigens (ENA), protein immunoelectrophoresis, diaskin test, computed tomography of lungs and heart, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, oncologic search. Results.The following forms of pericarditis were verified: tuberculosis (14%, including in combination with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy HCM), acute / chronic viral (8%) and infectious immune (38%), including perimyocarditis in 77%, pericarditis associated with mediastinum lymphoma/sarcoma (4%), sarcoidosis (3%), diffuse diseases of connective tissue and vasculitis (systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, diseases of Horton, Takayasu, Shegren, Wegener, 12%), leukoclastic vasculitis, Loefflers endomyocarditis, AL-amyloidosis, thrombotic microangiopathy (1% each), HCM (8%), coronary heart disease (constriction after repeated punctures and suppuration; postinfection and immune, 4%), after radiofrequency catheter ablation and valve prosthetics (2%). Tuberculosis was the main causes of constrictive pericarditis (36%). Treatment included steroids (n=39), also in combination with cytostatics (n=12), anti-tuberculosis drugs (n=9), acyclovir/ganclovir (n=14), hydroxychloroquine (n=23), colchicine (n=13), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (n=21), L-tyroxine (n=5), chemotherapy (n=1). In 36 patients different types of therapy were combined. Treatment results observed in 55 patients. Excellent and stable results were achieved in 82% of them. Pericardiectomy/pericardial resection was successfully performed in 8 patients. Lethality was 13.2% (10 patients) with an average follow-up 9 [2; 29.5] months (up to 10 years). Causes of death were chronic heart failure, surgery for HCM, pulmonary embolism, tumor. Conclusion.During a special examination, the nature of pericarditis was established in 97% of patients. Morphological and cytological diagnostics methods play the leading role. Tuberculosis pericarditis, infectious-immune and pericarditis in systemic diseases prevailed. Infectious immune pericarditis is characterized by small and medium exudate without restriction and accompanying myocarditis. Steroids remain the first line of therapy in most cases. Hydroxychloroquine as well as colchicine can be successfully used in moderate / low activity of immune pericarditis and as a long-term maintenance therapy after steroid stop.

REVIEW ON SURGICAL AFFECTIONS OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM AND THORACIC CAVITY IN DOGS

Purpose: Review on surgical affections of respiratory system and thoracic cavity in dogs Findings: There are many surgical conditions which are conducted on respiratory system and thoracic cavity in dogs. Among these, Brachycephalic dog syndrome, tracheotomy, tracheostomy, tracheal anastomosis, thoracotomy, thoracocentesis, and preicardioectomy. Before conducting any surgical condition, the nature and extent of the respiratory tract should be examined including historical information, suggestive signs of respiratory tract abnormalities, intended use of the animal, prognosis, complication, availability of the equipments, over all preoperative assessment and economic feasibility should be considered. In addition, the physical examination should include evaluation of regional symmetry of the head, neck, and thorax; evaluation of nasal airflow and patency; palpation of the nasal septum, larynx, and trachea; examination for surgical scars auscultation and percussion. Following thorough and systematic examination of the animals at rest, during and following motion may be warranted. Special examination techniques, including endoscopy, stress evaluation, and radiography, may be indicated. Unique Contributions to Theory Practice and Policy: Even though there are many physiological derangements due to surgical intervention in respiratory system and thoracic cavity in dogs, it may be healed through primary and secondary intention of healing under aseptic surgical condition. There are also many post operative cares for animals’ undergone surgical activity on respective and specific organs.

Peculiarities of the procedure of selection and appointment of a judge

The article deals with state of modern staffing of the judiciary, the problematic issues of the selection and appointment of a judge. In particular, the legislation that determines the procedure for selection for the position of a judge, as well as the stages of such selection are analyzed. The shortcomings of the legislation have been identified and proposals have been made to improve and optimize this procedure. It is proposed to adopt the Law of Ukraine, which will amend the procedure for forming the High Qualification Commission of Judges of Ukraine. Take measures to elect members of the High Qualifica-tions Commission of Judges of Ukraine and complete the selection for the position of a judge of a local court, as well as continue the competition for vacant positions of appellate courts. It is proposed to simplify the selection procedure for the position of a local court judge. It is rea-sonable to carry out special training of candidates for the position of a judge only in the specialty chosen by the candidate. Due to this, you can at least halve the period of special training - from 12 to 6 months. It is also justified inexpediency to conduct 2 exams during the selection - entrance and then quali-fication. It is proposed to unite them and immediately after the selection exam to conduct a qualifying exam, to determine the rating of candidates, on the basis of which to hold a competition for vacant positions of judges in specific courts. Taking into account the specializations chosen by the candidates, it is proposed to carry out special training with an internship in the court where the candidate won the competition. During the special training, a special examination of the candidate and his / her integrity must be performed. In case of successful implementation of the special training program and passing the special examination of the candidate, the High Qualification Commission of Judges of Ukraine (or the High Council of Justice) submits to the President applications for appointment. It is proposed to conduct an interview with the candidate only in the event that the results of a special inspection will establish the circumstances that require additional explanations of the candidate. It is also proposed to enshrine at the legislative level a strategy for the development and im-provement of the administration of justice for at least 10 years. Changes to the legislation and adjustment of certain norms are possible only within the framework of the adopted strategy.