functional remodeling
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Author(s):  
Yu Liu ◽  
Han Jiang ◽  
Xiyi Qin ◽  
Mei Tian ◽  
Hong Zhang

AbstractThe reactive astrocytes manifest molecular, structural, and functional remodeling in injury, infection, or diseases of the CNS, which play a critical role in the pathological mechanism of neurological diseases. A growing need exists for dependable approach to better characterize the activation of astrocyte in vivo. As an advanced molecular imaging technology, positron emission tomography (PET) has the potential for visualizing biological activities at the cellular levels. In the review, we summarized the PET visualization strategies for reactive astrocytes and discussed the applications of astrocyte PET imaging in neurological diseases. Future studies are needed to pay more attention to the development of specific imaging agents for astrocytes and further improve our exploration of reactive astrocytes in various diseases.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Syunyaev ◽  
M. A. Gordiychuk ◽  
G. R. Gazizova ◽  
R. M. Devyatiyarov ◽  
D. A. Veliky ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Ru ◽  
Yungang Lu ◽  
Ali Bin Saifullah ◽  
Francisco A Blanco ◽  
Changqun Yao ◽  
...  

Chronic pain and depression are frequently comorbid and ketamine has emerged as a potentially promising therapy. But the molecular mechanisms underlying comorbid depressive symptoms in chronic pain and ketamine antidepressant effects remain elusive. Here, we show that Tiam1 orchestrates synaptic structural and functional remodeling in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) neurons via actin cytoskeleton reorganization and synaptic NMDAR stabilization. This Tiam1-coordinated synaptic plasticity underpins ACC hyperactivity and drives chronic pain-induced depressive-like behaviors. Ketamine induces sustained antidepressant effects in chronic pain by blocking Tiam1-mediated synaptic structural and functional plasticity in ACC neurons. Our results reveal Tiam1 as a key factor in the pathophysiology of chronic pain-induced depression and in the sustained antidepressant effects of ketamine in ACC neurons.


2021 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. S15
Author(s):  
Zhen Han ◽  
Ching-Yu Su ◽  
Xiwei Wu ◽  
Hanjun Qin ◽  
Jasmine Zain ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Ariel Wang ◽  
Daniela Valdez-Jasso

AbstractPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a vasculopathy characterized by sustained elevated pulmonary arterial pressures in which the pulmonary vasculature undergoes significant structural and functional remodeling. To better understand disease mechanisms, in this review article we highlight recent insights into the regulation of pulmonary arterial cells by mechanical cues associated with PAH. Specifically, the mechanobiology of pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs), smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and adventitial fibroblasts (PAAFs) has been investigated in vivo, in vitro, and in silico. Increased pulmonary arterial pressure increases vessel wall stress and strain and endothelial fluid shear stress. These mechanical cues promote vasoconstriction and fibrosis that contribute further to hypertension and alter the mechanical milieu and regulation of pulmonary arterial cells.


Immunity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 1901
Author(s):  
Frédéric Mourcin ◽  
Léa Verdiére ◽  
David Roulois ◽  
Rada Amin ◽  
Claire Lamaison ◽  
...  

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