Multiple Sclerosis and its Pathophysiology: A Narrative Review

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most important debilitating diseases in which the myelin sheaths of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged. In this review, we aimed to review the pathophysiology of MS. This impairment causes ability disorder of the parts of the nervous system which are responsible for communication, leading to different symptoms including physical and psychological problems. This study was conducted through a Narrative review using keywords including Multiple Sclerosis, Epidemiology through Search in International Scientific Databases, including: PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Scopus, and Persian scientific databases including: Barakatkns Knowledge System, Academic Jihad Database, Iranian Medical Library (Medlib), Magiran Database, Knowledge Reference (Civilica), and a search was done on the World Health organization website. In this review study, using keywords such as "pathophysiology" and "multiple sclerosis".

Prevalence and Incidence of Multiple Sclerosis in Russian Federation: 30 Years of Studies

In the Russian Federation, multiple sclerosis prevalence rates vary from 10 to 80 cases per 100,000, depending on region and the nationality of the population. The main characteristics of multiple sclerosis epidemiology in the XX century in this big territory are: (1) steady increase in multiple sclerosis prevalence and incidence rates, maybe because of better diagnosis and treatment, but also changes in environmental/epigenetic risk profile and/or lifestyle factors; (2) increase of the female to male ratio, increase in multiple sclerosis incidence mainly in females; (3) appearance and increasing frequency of multiple sclerosis in ethnic groups, previously free of multiple sclerosis (Northern Tribes, Yakuts and others). The latest data show that in European Russia, the multiple sclerosis prevalence varies from 30 to 80 cases, in Siberia—from 20 to 70 cases, with steady increases, especially in women.