The Mediating Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation in the Relationship Between Childhood Trauma and Fear of Happiness

Background: Although the relationship between childhood trauma and fear of happiness (FOH) is well-documented, little attention has been paid to the mediating factors of this relationship. Objectives: This research aimed to investigate the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship between childhood trauma and FOH. Methods: Three hundred and seventy-eight students participated in this descriptive correlational study. The participants were selected by the convenience sampling method among all the students of the Islamic Azad University of Kashmar during 2017 - 2018. Data were collected by the Cognitive Emotion Regulation questionnaire (CERQ), the Childhood Trauma questionnaire (CTQ), and Fear of Happiness scale (FHS). All data were analyzed using Structural equation modeling (SEM). Results: The relationship between childhood trauma and FOH is mediated by cognitive emotion regulation. The fitness rates of the indices of GFI, CFI, NFI, IFI, NNFI, AGFI, RFI, and RMSEA were equal to 0.90, 0.96, 0.94, 0.96, 0.95, 0.87, 0.93, and 0.074, respectively. Conclusions: The findings of this study supported the proposed conceptual model in which the relationship between childhood trauma and FOH was mediated through positive and negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Therefore, it is necessary for psychologists and other specialists to pay attention to these variables.

Roles of Fear of Happiness and Fragility of Happiness in Nigerian Military Personnel Workload

In the light of conflicts and Boko Haram insurgency facing Nigeria as a county and the involvement of the military in the fight against terrorists, the study of workload and happiness need to be researched more to gain greater acceptance and become one of the global indices on which nations’ military are measured and ranked. Our study anchors on multiple resource and information processing theory to assess the roles of fear and fragility of happiness in workload among Nigerian military personnel. Two hundred and twenty (220) Nigerian soldiers, drawn from Nigerian Army and Nigerian Air Force participated in this study. Three instruments , namely, Workload Scale, Fear of Happiness Scale and Fragility of Happiness Scale, were used to collect data from the participants. Results of hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that fear of happiness was not significantly associated with work load. Fragility of happiness positively predicted work load, indicating that military personnel who had greater fragility of happiness reported greater workload. It was concluded that workplace interventions and programs to curtail fragility of happiness would be helpful in reducing the perceptions of excess workload among Nigerian military personnel.

Examining the Fear of Happiness Among Football Referees by Specific Variables

The aim of the present study is to determine the fears of happiness of football referees working in the Turkish Super League and 1st League. The study group consists of 23 chief referees, 36 Super League assisting referees, 8 Class A referees, and 48 Class A assisting referees (115 football referees in total). As data collection instrument, the Fear of Happiness Scale that has been developed by Joshanloo (2013) in order to determine the beliefs that happiness would cause certain negative/bad consequences was used. The study on scale’s adaptation to Turkish language and its reliability/validity was carried out by Demirci, Ekşi, Dinçer, and Kardaş (2016). In analyzing the data, the descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, and one-way variance analysis (ANOVA) tests were used. The statistical significance level was set to be p < 0.05. At the end of the study, it was determined that the Fear of Happiness scores by the marital status were found to be statistically significantly different in favor of single referees.