A SINS/DVL/USBL Integrated Navigation and Positioning IoT System with Multiple Sources Fusion and Federated Kalman Filter

The navigation and positioning subsystem offers important position information for an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) system. It plays a crucial role during the underwater exploration and operations of AUV. Many scholars research underwater navigation and positioning. And many promising methods and systems were presented. However, as the diversity of ocean environment, the random drift of the gyroscope, error accumulation, the diversity of tasks, and other negative factors, the navigation and positioning result is uncertain and incredible. The accuracy, stability and robustness are not guaranteed, which can not meet the increasing application requirement. Therefore, we put forward a SINS/DVL/USBL integrated navigation and positioning IoT system with multiple resource fusion and a federated Kalman filter. In this method, we first present an improved SINS/DVL combined subsystem with filtering gain compensation strategy. The accuracy and stability of the navigation and position system can be enhanced. Secondly, We proposed a USBL positioning subsystem with the Kalman filtering acoustic signals to improve USBL positioning performance. Lastly, we present a federated Kalman Filter to fuse the positioning information from the SINS/DVL combined positioning subsystem and the USBL positioning subsystem. Through the above three methods, we can improve the positioning accuracy and robustness. Comprehensive simulation results indicated the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed SINS/DVL/USBL integrated navigation and positioning system.

Techniques used in Evaluating Performance of Solar Air Heater (SAH) Comprised of Winglet Type Roughness- A Review

There are multiple resource of energies but if we talk about renewable energy then solar energy is one of the renewable energy which is in demand because it is feasible and cheap. Flat - plate solar air heaters (SAHs) are simplistic and stylish, and their heating pathway of implementation requires care and support. increasing Room temperature, elimination of moist from farm commodities, increasing temperature of industrialized goods, hardening of wood or timber, and other uses for SAHs are frequent. well there are several issues in SAH, but the biggest issues with the SAH is its ineffectiveness, which is caused by atmosphere's lower heat transferring ability. We present introduces on the work performed by a lot of scientists to boost the effectiveness of solar air heaters (SAHs) with various kinds of roughness area in this research article.

Optimization Models for Multiple Resource Planning

Multiple resource planning is a very crucial undertaking for most organizations. Apart from reducing operational complexity, multiple resource planning facilitates efficient allocation of resources, which reduces costs by minimizing the cost of tardiness and the cost for additional capacity. The current research investigates multiple resource loading problems (MRLP). MRLPs are very prevalent in today’s organizational environments and are particularly critical for organizations that handle concurrent, time-intensive, and multiple-resource projects. Using data obtained from the Ministry of Administrative Development, Labor and Social Affairs (ADLSA), a MRLP is proposed. The problem utilizes data regarding staff, time, equipment, and finance to ensure efficient resource allocation among competing projects. In particular, the research proposes a novel model and solution approach for the MRLP. Computational experiments are then performed on the model. The results show that the model performs well, even for higher instances. The positive results attest to the effectiveness of the proposed MRLP problem.

Food Choice With Economic Scarcity and Time Abundance: A Qualitative Study

Consumers with low income in the United States have higher vulnerability to unhealthy diets compared with the general population. Although some literature speculates that scarcity is an explanation for this disparity, empirical evidence is lacking. We conducted a qualitative study of food choice to explore whether scarcity-related phenomena, such as tunneling and bandwidth tax, may contribute to unhealthy dietary choices. We used participant-driven photo elicitation ( n = 18) to investigate the food choice behaviors of individuals living in the greater Boston area who met the federal guidelines for poverty. Participants took photos at the point of food acquisition for 1 month, after which we interviewed them using a semistructured interview guide with the photos as prompts. Thematic coding was used for analysis. Respondents had relative time abundance. Two major themes emerged: participants used a set of strategies to stretch their budgets, and they highly prioritized cost and preference when making food choices. The extreme focus on obtaining food at low cost, which required time and effort, was suggestive of tunneling. We found no evidence of the bandwidth tax. Our findings raise the hypothesis of scarcity as a continuum: when individuals experience multiple resource constraints, they experience scarcity; whereas people with very limited finances and relative time abundance may instead be in a prescarcity condition, with a hyperfocus on a scarce resource that could lead to tunneling as constraints increase. Additional studies are needed to understand whether and how tunneling and bandwidth tax emerge, independently or together, as people face different levels and types of scarcity.

Large herbivore impact on plant biomass along multiple resource gradients in the Serengeti

Herbivores form an important link in the transfer of energy within a food web and are strongly influenced by bottom-up trophic cascades. Current hypotheses suggest that herbivore consumption and impact on plants should scale positively with plant resource availability. However, depending on the effect of resources on plant quantity and quality, herbivore impact may vary with different types of resources. We test four alternative hypotheses for the relationship between plant biomass, herbivore impact on plant biomass, and plant resource gradients, each based on how resources might affect plant abundance and quality to herbivores. We measured plant biomass for four non-consecutive years in a long-term grazing exclosure experiment in the Serengeti National Park that includes seven sites that vary substantially in rainfall and soil and plant nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Our data supported the hypothesis that herbivore impact is controlled by plant quality, in this case driven by plant P, as herbivore effects on biomass decreased with higher rainfall but increased with greater plant P, but not N content. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental study to indicate that wild mammalian herbivory is associated with P availability rather than N. Our results suggest that P, in addition to water and N, may play a more important role in driving trophic interactions in terrestrial systems than previously realized.

Intraguild predation does not necessarily have negative effects on pest biological control: insights from a multiple consumer–multiple resource food web population model

We develop a food web population dynamical based on an experimental pest biocontrol setup consisting of thrips and aphids (pests) being consumed by two agents Macrolophus pygmaeus and Orius laevigatus, and with O. laevigatus being an intraguild predator of M. pygmaeus. By means of numerical simulations, we show that pest biocontrol disruption can be avoided depending on initial population densities of pests and agents, despite the intraguild predation (IGP) of O. laevigatus upon M. pygmaeus. This possible avoidance of pest biocontrol disruption is in accordance with the referred experimental setup and moreover, the proposed model corroborates the importance of initial densities of pests and agents in the determination of the failure or success of pest biocontrol found in this and other biocontrol experimental setups.

The Role of Visual and Auditory Communication in the Performance of a Joint Team Task

Objective This study examines visual, auditory, and the combination of both (bimodal) coupling modes in the performance of a two-person perceptual-motor task, in which one person provides the perceptual inputs and the other the motor inputs. Background Parking a plane or landing a helicopter on a mountain top requires one person to provide motor inputs while another person provides perceptual inputs. Perceptual inputs are communicated either visually, auditorily, or through both cues. Methods One participant drove a remote-controlled car around an obstacle and through a target, while another participant provided auditory, visual, or bimodal cues for steering and acceleration. Difficulty was manipulated using target size. Performance (trial time, path variability), cue rate, and spatial ability were measured. Results Visual coupling outperformed auditory coupling. Bimodal performance was best in the most difficult task condition but also high in the easiest condition. Cue rate predicted performance in all coupling modes. Drivers with lower spatial ability required a faster auditory cue rate, whereas drivers with higher ability performed best with a lower rate. Conclusion Visual cues result in better performance when only one coupling mode is available. As predicted by multiple resource theory, when both cues are available, performance depends more on auditory cueing. In particular, drivers must be able to transform auditory cues into spatial actions. Application Spotters should be trained to provide an appropriate cue rate to match the spatial ability of the driver or pilot. Auditory cues can enhance visual communication when the interpersonal task is visual with spatial outputs.