ĐÁNH GIÁ GIÁ TRỊ CỦA KỸ THUẬT CHỤP BẠCH MẠCH TRUNG TÂM SỐ HÓA XÓA NỀN QUA HẠCH BẸN

Mục tiêu: Mô tả kỹ thuật và đánh giá kết quả hình ảnh chụp số hóa xóa nền đường bạch mạch trung tâm qua hạch bẹn.Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu chùm ca bệnh trên 37 bệnh nhân được chụp số hóa xóa nền đường bạch mạch trung tâm qua hạch bẹn.Kết quả: Nghiên cứu được thực hiện trên 37 bệnh nhân (11 nam, 26 nữ), tuổi trung bình là 56. Kỹ thuật được thực hiện thành công ở tất cả các bệnh nhân (100%), 30% bệnh nhân có biến thể giải phẫu đường bạch huyết trung tâm, vị trí rò được xác định ở 31/37 trường hợp chiếm 84%. Thời gian trung bình để nhìn thấy bạch huyết mục tiêu là 35.3 ± 20.2 phút.Kết luận: Chụp bạch mạch số hóa xóa nền qua hạch bẹn là thủ thuật an toàn, cung cấp hình ảnh trực quan về giải phẫu đường bạch huyết trung tâm, xác định vị trí rò bạch huyết và hướng dẫn can thiệp bạch mạch qua da.

High level resistance to Erythromycin and Tetracycline and dissemination of resistance determinants among clinical enterococci in Kerman-Iran

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution pattern of genes responsible for erythromycin and tetracycline resistance and their association with resistance phenotype in enterococci isolates. Materials and Methods: Eighty six Enterococcus faecalis and 26 E. faecium isolates were collected from two hospitals in Kerman-Iran. Minimum inhibitory concentration of erythromycin and tetracycline were determined and then, genes encoding resistance to erythromycin; erm (A-C), mef and msr -and tetracycline; tet (M), tet (O), tet (S), tet (K) and tet (L) – were investigated. Results: In all resistant isolates (n= 72, 64%), high level resistance to both tested antibiotics was found. The most prevalent erm gene was erm (B) (77.7%), followed by erm (A) (15.2%) and erm (C) (8.3%). Genes mediating erythromycin efflux, were detected in 70.8 % (mef) and 9.7% (msr) of resistant isolates. Regarding tetracycline, tet (M) was detected at the highest rate (50%), followed by tet (O) (31%) and tet (S) (11%). Export of tetracycline was found in 31% (tet (K)) and 12% (tet (L)) of isolates. Conclusion: High prevalence of high level resistance to both erythromycin and tetracycline was documented. The alteration at ribosomal level, had bigger role in erythromycin and tetracycline resistance than efflux systems. Concurrent resistance mechanisms were more involved in resistance to erythromycin than tetracycline.

COVID-19 pandemic as an egzogenic factor of changes in business value – main world stock indexes in the first quarter of 2020

COVID-19 jest określany mianem szoku egzogenicznego, który wpłynął na funkcjonowanie gospodarek światowych. Jedną z konsekwencji pojawienia się śmiercionośnego wirusa SARS-CoV-2 była panika na rynkach kapitałowych. Zdarzenie to stało się inspiracją do podjęcia badań, których celem była ocena sytuacji na giełdach w I kwartale 2020 r. ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem okresu bessy rynkowej spowodowanej pandemią. W szczególności poszukiwano odpowiedzi na pytanie, kiedy rozpoczęła się dramatyczna wyprzedaż akcji na światowych giełdach, jak długo trwała, kiedy się zakończyła i o ile procent zmalały w tym czasie główne światowe indeksy giełdowe. Badaniom poddano historyczne notowania 44 głównych światowych indeksów giełdowych. Dla każdego z nich wyznaczono datę początkową i końcową tendencji spadkowej, a następnie obliczono wskaźniki dynamiki, obrazujące zmiany spadków indeksów w ujęciu procentowym. Analizom poddano rynek europejski, azjatycki, Ameryki Północnej i Południowej oraz australijski. W rezultacie przeprowadzonych ba-dań stwierdzono, że w ciągu około jednego miesiąca trwania paniki giełdowej indeksy straciły około jedną trzecią swojej wartości początkowej, przy czym skala spadków była większa w Europie i w Ameryce Północnej i Południowej oraz w Australii (średnie zmiany na poziomie ok. -36,-37 proc.), natomiast w Azji czas trwania bessy był mniej jednoznaczny i charakteryzował się spadkiem głównych indeksów średnio o 31 proc. W toku badań stwierdzono m.in., że spadki zanotowane w czasie Wielkiego Kryzysu oraz Kryzysu Finansowego z 2008 r. trwały nie tylko dłużej, ale były również znacznie większe w porównaniu do kryzysu z 2020 r. Wnioski z ba-dań wskazują bardzo wyraziście na cechę współczesnych rynków kapitałowych – wyceny giełdowe spółek są niestabilne, niejednoznaczne, mocno uzależnione nie tylko od ich potencjału strategicznego, ale również od zawirowań otoczenia zewnętrznego.

Association of Blood Type on Clinical Outcomes in Black/African Americans Hospitalized for COVID-19 Infection

Introduction: Early studies from Wuhan, China have reported an association between blood type and outcomes in COVID-19 infected patients. Conflicting reports in literature have investigated the protective role of blood type O against worst outcomes associated with COVID-19 infections. Approximately 50% of Black/African Americans (AA) have blood group O. Our study is the only study to date looking at the association between Black/AA and blood type. We aimed to determine the association between blood type and Black/AA patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data on patients with known blood type, who were admitted for COVID-19 at a single center between March and April 2020. We excluded other races in our study because only about 2% of the population was Caucasian and 8% representing other races, representing a small subset of patients under study whereas Black/AA represented about 90% of our hospitalized patients. Patients were stratified into 4 groups based on their ABO blood type. Baseline demographic, clinical characteristics and clinical course of the disease were compared. The primary end point was in-hospital mortality. Secondary endpoints included admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), acute kidney injury requiring hemodialysis and length of stay (LOS). Results: During the study period, a total of 256 patients were reviewed. Distribution of ABO type was as follows; A: (N=65) 25%, B: (N=62) 24%, AB: (N=9) 4%, O: (N=120) 47%. Compared to blood types A, B and O, AB patients were younger (mean; yrs. 63 vs. 63 vs. 62 vs. 43 yrs. p=0.0242). Blood type B patients were more likely to present with nausea, than groups A, AB, and O. (27% vs. 10% vs. 0% vs. 5%; p=0.017). All other characteristics including baseline inflammatory markers were comparable. There was no difference among groups regarding in-hospital mortality (A: 39% B: 29% AB: 33% O: 31% p value: 0.676) or admission to the ICU (A:31% B: 28% AB: 33% O: 34% p value: 0.840). The incidence of acute kidney injury requiring hemodialysis was higher in blood type A patients compared to B, AB, and O. (31% vs. 0% vs. 23% vs. 19%; p=0.046). In hospital LOS was comparable among all groups. Conclusions: In this single center analysis of black/AA patients admitted for COVID-19, there was no association between blood type and in-hospital mortality or admission to ICU. Blood type A patients had a higher propensity of kidney injury, but this did not translate into worse in-hospital survival. Disclosures Cohen: GBT: Speakers Bureau.