Silver Nanoparticles AgNPs Preparation by Chemical Method to Obtain Optimal Characteristics of The Pharmaceutical Form and Study Their Effect on The Leishmania Parasite in Laboratory: تحضير جسيمات الفضة النانوية AgNPs بالطريقة الكيميائية للحصول على الخصائص المثلى للشكل الصيدلاني المعتمد ودراسة تأثيرها على طفيلي الليشمانيا مختبريا

This study aimed first to prepare silver nanoparticles AgNPs in a chemical reduction, The silver nanoparticles AgNPs properties were characterized using spectroscopy of Vision and UV- Visible (UV- Vis), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) and a ZetaSizer device. This study also aimed to study the results effect of preparing Silver nanoparticles on the Leishmania parasite using an artificial environment. The results of the spectrophotometer of the secondary silver solution with yellow color, showed maximum absorption at a wavelength of 400 mm, while the image of atomic force microscope (AFM) showed the hierarchical morphology shape of the prepared Silver nanoparticles with an average size of (10- 30 nm). Silver secondary particles were estimated with a diameter ranging from (12- 60 nm) and with good dispersion in water by ZetaSizer device. The results illustrated that the number of Promastigotes of the Leishmania parasite decreased after adding the Silver nanoparticles AgNPs in varying proportions, as the concentration of 500 μg/ml had the highest effect after 72 hours from incubation, and the percentage of remaining parasites was 5.2% comparing with the control percentage of 14.99%, while the value of IC50 was 253.075 μg/ml, The value of R2 = 0.8809, slope = 0.0478 after 24 hours from incubation.

Path Way For Electrical Conduction In ZnO Basedternary Nanocomposite Room Temperature Ethanol Sensors

In the present investigations, the samples such as zinc oxide, tin oxide, vanadium oxide and their ternary combinations prepared by hydrothermal route were characterised using the state-of-the-art facilities and were systematically analysed. The interface properties between the grain and grain boundaries of these oxides were studied using Conductive atomic force microscopic (CAFM) studies. From the detailed investigations on topography and I-V characteristics, it is revealed that, zinc-tin-vanadium oxide nanocomposite with smaller barrier height of 0.189 eV exhibited pronounced response magnitude of 98.96 % at a faster rate of 32 s at room temperature. The outstanding ethanol sensing property of the ternary nanocomposite is attributed to the hierarchical morphology with large surface area, the formation of heterojunction at the interface, tuning the schottky barrier height, depletion layer manipulation and the electronic effects.

Hierarchical-morphology metafabric for scalable passive daytime radiative cooling

Incorporating passive radiative cooling structures into personal thermal management technologies could effectively defend human against the intensifying global climate change. We show that large scale woven metafabrics can provide high emissivity (94.5%) in the atmospheric window and reflectivity (92.4%) in the solar spectrum because the hierarchical-morphology design of the randomly dispersed scatterers throughout the metafabric. Through scalable industrial textile manufacturing routes, our metafabrics exhibit excellent mechanical strength, waterproofness, and breathability for commercial clothing while maintaining efficient radiative cooling ability. Practical application tests demonstrated the human body covered by our metafabric could be cooled down ~4.8°C lower than that covered by commercial cotton fabric. The cost-effectiveness and high-performance of our metafabrics present great advantages for intelligent garments, smart textiles, and passive radiative cooling applications.

Mapping the Side-Chain Length of Small Molecule Acceptors towards the Optimal Hierarchical Morphology in Ternary Organic Solar Cells

Hierarchical morphology has been clearly demonstrated to improve all performance parameters in ternary organic photovoltaics but shows strong dependence on the molecular structures. Here we develop four small molecule electron acceptors with different alkyl chain length to find the optimal solution of alkyl chain towards the defined hierarchical morphology and carry out a clear and comprehensive investigation of the alkyl chain length effects on the structure-morphology-device performance relationships in ternary blend. There is a positive correlation between the power conversion efficiencies of the four ternary systems and their short-circuit current density parameters, manifesting the significance of distinguishing optimal alkyl side chain length of small molecule electron acceptors for defined hierarchical morphology to afford efficient carrier generation. The non-optimal side chains would retard the BTR crystalline and make the PC₇₁BM domain sizes incontrollable, leading to a morphology without a defined hierarchy. Such a detailed mapping of the alkyl side chain length of small molecule electron acceptors provide a new insight into the materials combinations for the next-step high performance multi-component organic photovoltaics

Additive-induced Miscibility Regulation and Hierarchical Morphology Enables 17.5% Binary Organic Solar Cells

Due to the barrierless free charge generation, low charge trapping, and high charge mobilities, the PM6:Y6 organic solar cell (OSC) achieves excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.7%. However, the...

Ultramicroporous Polyimides with hierarchical morphology for carbon dioxide separation

Microporous organic polyimides are promising materials for the use as adsorbents to remove carbon dioxide from flue gases by physisorptive separation processes. Especially, ultramicroporous systems often exhibit excellent CO2 selectivities...

What Is the Assembly Pathway of a Conjugated Polymer From Solution to Thin Films?

The hierarchical assembly of conjugated polymers has gained much attention due to its critical role in determining optical/electrical/mechanical properties. The hierarchical morphology encompasses molecular-scale intramolecular conformation (torsion angle, chain folds) and intermolecular ordering (π–π stacking), mesoscale domain size, orientation and connectivity, and macroscale alignment and (para)crystallinity. Such complex morphology in the solid state is fully determined by the polymer assembly pathway in the solution state, which, in turn, is sensitively modulated by molecular structure and processing conditions. However, molecular pictures of polymer assembly pathways remain elusive due to the lack of detailed structural characterizations in the solution state and the lack of understanding on how various factors impact the assembly pathways. In this mini-review, we present possible assembly pathways of conjugated polymers and their characteristics across length scales. Recent advances in understanding and controlling of assembly pathways are highlighted. We also discuss the current gap in our knowledge of assembly pathways, with future perspectives on research needed on this topic.