Effect of carbofuran on quantitative and qualitative alterations in haemolymph of larva of Oryctes rhinoceros L. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Investigation to evaluate the toxicity of carbofuran pesticides on haematological parameters of third instar larvae of Oryctes rhinoceros L. Indicated alterations in total haemocyte count and differential haemocyte count for toxicity assessment. Various doses of carbofuran (0.05g, 0.010g and 0.015 g) applied on insect through oral route and its impact after 24 hours of its application revealed that various doses of carbofuran exert specific alterations in both total and differential haemocytes of insect haemolymph.

Do dietary stresses affect the immune system of Periplaneta americana (Blattaria: Blattidae)?

Stresses can be caused by multiple biotic and abiotic factors and their effects can affect both the biology and the immune system of insects. American cockroach – Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus, 1758) (Blattaria: Blattidae) –besides being an excellent model species, has great medical importance because it can act as a mechanical vector of several pathogens. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of starvation, dehydration and both stresses on weight, and total and differential haemocyte count in P. americana adults. Each specimen was isolated in glass flasks containing or not food and/or water. They were weighed periodically. Another group received water for 24 h after the end of stress period. In the immunologic bioassay, we counted their haemocytes after the final weighing. All stresses reduced the insect weight, especially when the stresses were combined. Females of the control group gained weight and males had it unaltered. Different stress conditions and time did not influence on total haemocyte count. Insects without food and water had the proportion of prohaemocytes increased and plasmatocytes decreased. This study can serve as a basis of further studies of bioecology, behaviour and the ability of resisting insecticides, besides serving as a model to studies in other insect species.

EFEKTIVITAS PEMBERIAN BAKTERI Bacillus polymyxa MELALUI PAKAN TERHADAP IMUNITAS NON SPESIFIK UDANG VANNAMEI (Litopenaeus vannamei)

The addition of Bacillus polymyxa bacteria in the feed as immunostimulant is one of the efforts of disease prevention on vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). The aimed of this research was to know the effectivity of the use of Bacillus polymyxa bacteria in feed towards the non-specific imunity of vannamei shrimp. This research consisted of 4 treatments namely feed with the density of Bacillus polymyxa bacteria 0 cell/ml as control (A), 104 cell/ml (B), 106 cell/ml (C) and 108 cell/ml (D) and each treatment is repeated 3 times. This research has been done in 15 days. Parameters that observed this research were total haemocyte count (THC), phagocytosis activity, differential haemocyte count (DHC) and water quality. The results showed that the addition Bacillus polymyxa bacteria of 106 cell/ml was able to improve THC value 6,6x107 cell/ml on the day 10. The DHC value was in the normal range which is hyalin cell was 52-89% and granular cell was 11-48%. The quality of water maintenance media during this research was in the normal range there were temperature 27,2-28,1°C, DO 3,70-3,91ppm, pH 3,70-3,91, and salinity 30-35 ppt.

Evaluasi Pemberian Crude Protein Zoothamnium penaei Terhadap Laju Pertumbuhan, Respon Imun dan Kelulushidupan Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) Di Tambak

AbstrakKendala utama dalam budidaya udang vaname adalah munculnya serangan penyakit yang dapat menyebabkan kematian hingga 100% setelah 2 sampai 3 hari setelah infeksi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisi respon imun, laju pertumbuhan spesifik dan kelulushidupan udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei). Metode penelitian adalah eksperimental untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan pakan dan ditambahkan crude protein Zoothamnium penaei pada udang vaname. Sampel yang digunakan adalah udang vaname sebanyak 10.000 ekor stadia juvenil. Pakan yang digunakan adalah pakan komersial yang ditambahkan crude protein Zoothamnium penaei dengan dosis 150 µl/ekor, yang diberikan sebanyak 7 kali berselang tiap 7 hari sejak umur 1 hari sampai udang umur 56 hari budidaya.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan respons imun (peningkatan THC dan DHC) akibat pemberian pakan yang ditambahkan crude protein Zoothamnium penaei. Total Haemosit (THC) tertinggi terjadi pada udang yang diberi pakan dan ditambahkan crude protein yaitu 56,58 x 106 sel/ml, dan terendah pada udang yang tidak diberi crude protein yaitu 23,57 x 106 sel/ml. Differential Haemocyte Count (DHC) tertinggi juga terjadi pada udang yang diberi pakan dan ditambahkan crude protein, yaitu 26,57% umur 60 hari dan terendah 14,99% pada udang tidak diberi crude protein umur 90 hari. Laju pertumbuhan spesifik tertinggi juga terjadi pada udang dengan pakan dan ditambahkan crude protein Zoothamnium penaei tertinggi yaitu 53,46% dan terendah 16,15% pada udang umur 90 hari. Kelulushidupan udang tertinggi terjadi pada udang dengan pakan dan ditambahkan crude protein Zoothamnium penaei umur 90 hari dengan kecenderungan lebih tinggi dari pada yang tidak diberi crude protein yaitu 72% dan 21%.Penambahan crude protein Zoothamnium penaei pada pakan komersial sebagai bahan imunostimulan dapat meningkatkan respon imun, pertumbuhan spesifik dan kelulushidupan udang vaname umur 30, 60 dan 90 hari di tambak, sehingga dapat dikembangkan sebagai bahan imunostimulan.Kata kunci: Zoothamnium penaei, crude protein, udang vaname