THE EFFECT OF ADDITION OF CANTHAXANTHIN IN FEED TO INCREASE THE VISUAL VIEW OF COMET FISH, Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758)

One effort made to improve the color quality of comet fish is to add canthaxanthin. Canthaxanthin is a red-orange pigment found in plants, fungi, bacteria, crustaceans, sea trout, and algae. This study aims to determine the optimum dose of canthaxanthin given in feed to improve comet fish' color quality. This research is also expected to be beneficial for fish farmers related to the use of canthaxanthin to improve comet fish' color quality. This study used 5 treatments with 3 replications. This research was conducted in April-June 2019 at the Aquaculture Laboratory, Department of Fisheries and Marines, University of Lampung. The parameters observed were color measurement using the Red Blue Green (RGB) method, converted into the Hue Saturation Brightness (HSB) value, color measurement by the scoring method, and water quality. The addition of canthaxanthin in diets with different doses showed the highest results in treatment C (P <0.05) on comet fish visual appearance. The results showed that the best dose in this study was the addition of canthaxanthin as much as 125 mg/kg of feed.

ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT C:N RATIOS IN THE BIOFLOC SYSTEM ON THE GROWTH OF Pangasius hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878)

The development of catfish culture affects increasing waste in the waters. Aquaculture waste containing high nutrients has the potential to damage the cultivation environment. The Biofloc system in catfish farming can break down NH3 waste into flocks that can be consumed directly by fish. This study aims to analyze the growth and survival rate of catfish in biofloc systems with different C:N ratios. The research design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and three replications. Siamese catfish seeds were maintained in an aquarium container size 40 x 30 x 30 cm for 40 days with treatment media A (maintenance without biofloc), treatment B C:N ratio 15, treatment C C:N ratio 20, and treatment D C:N ratio 25. The results showed that the biofloc system with different C:N ratios had significant effect on the weight growth, daily growth rate, and feed convertion ratio of catfish. The best treatment for growth and viability of catfish is C:N ratio 25.

NUTRIENT WASTE LOAD FROM VANAME SHRIMP (Litopeneaus vannamei) AND ANALYSIS OF LAND SUITABILITY BASED ON WATER QUALITY CRITERIA IN EARTH IN EAST RAWAJITU PROSPEROUS

Bumi Dipasena Sejahtera as part of Bumi Dipasena, which is managed by PT. Dipasena Citra Darmaja is the largest shrimp farming in Southeast Asia. Since operating in 1980, Bumi Dipasena has made production up to 200 tons/day. However, the current condition shows a decrease in total production to 30 – 40 tons/day from 16.000 operated ponds. Decreasing production is caused by declining water quality. This study aims to find out about nutrient loading and water suitability based on water quality criteria. Nutrient loading is determined from total production calculated from three different ponds. Suitability analysis was conducted by matching and scoring methods based on water quality measured at 7 sites in the inlet, outlet, and pond site. The result shows that nutrient loading has the highest value at the highest production. Water suitability analysis both of inlet and ponds include in suit marginal class (S3).

EFFECT OF PLANTS MEAL FROM Eeichhornia crassipes AND Salvinia molesta ON GROWTH OF Pangasius sp.

Plant meals from Eichhornia crassipes and Salvinia molesta can be used as alternative ingredients for feed in aquaculture. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the use of plant meals as a feed on the growth of Pangasius. The experimental designed consist of three treatments and triplicates: P0: commercial feed (control); P1: feed with the addition of 25% Eichhornia crassipes; P2: feed with the addition of 25% Salvinia molesta. The results showed that plant meals in feed showed significantly different results on the growth of body weight, specific growth rate, and efficiency of Pangasius feed. The recommended treatment was the addition of Salvinia molesta with a weight growth value of 3.84 g, a specific growth rate of 2.07%, and feed efficiency of 59.96%.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVEL OF PROTEIN ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, SURVIVAL RATE, DIGESTIVE ENZYME, AND BODY PROTEIN COMPOSITION OF JUVENILE BESENG-BESENG FISH (Marosatherina ladigesi)

Marosatherina ladigesi’s original habitat is in the freshwater of South Sulawesi as endemic fish in the wallacea zone Indonesia, with a local name called beseng-beseng fish. M.ladigesi was already in the category of at threat of extinction.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different protein levels on survival rate, growth performance, body protein composition and enzyme activity of protease, lipase and amylase of beseng-beseng fish. The research method was using Completely Randomized Design with three treatments and three replications. Treatment of the study: protein content of feed A: 40%, B: 50% and C: 60%. Fish maintenance takes 90 days. The results showed that protein content had a significant effect (P<0,05) on absolute body growth, specific growt rate, survival rate, body protein composition and protease enzyme activity of juvenile beseng-beseng fish. The best growth performance is obtained at 50% and 60% protein content, while the survival and body protein composition and the best protease enzyme activity at 60% protein content.

STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH OF LARVES OF TIGER GROUPER Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (Forskal, 1775) AT DIFFERENT MEDIA TEMPERATURES

Water temperature has an influence on the development and growth of fish larvae. The appropriate water temperature can caused the development and growth of fish larvae optimum. This research aimed to study the effect of water temperature on the development and growth of brown marbled grouper larvae. This experimental design used a completely randomized design that had 3 treatments (26-28°C, 28-30°C, 30-32°C) equipped with 3 replications each. The parameters observed were the duration of yolk absorption, morphogenesis of larvae, and growth of body length. Data of larval morphogenesis development were analyzed descriptively, while the duration of yolk absorption and larval growth were analyzed of variance and post hoc test using the Least Significant Difference (LSD). The results showed that water temperature influenced morphogenesis development, the duration of yolk absorption, and the growth of larval significantly different. The result showed, larvae had morphological development and duration of yolk absorption faster in warmer incubation media.

INFLUENCES OF LAMP IRRADIATION EXPOSURE ON GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF JUVENILE SNEAKHEAD FISH Channa striata (Bloch, 1793)

The research has been conducted by February to March 2018 in the Laboratory of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Lampung University. The research aim of this to acknowledge the influences of lamp irradiation exposure on growth and survival of juvenile sneakhead fish (Channa striata). This research used a completely randomized design with five treatments, A (12B;12D), B (9B;15D), C (6B;18D), D (3B;21D), and E (0B;24D) with three replications. The research showed that the effect of the length of light irradiation exposure has a significant effect on growth and survival of juvenile snakehead fish. The best treatment found in treatment D, that the resulted highest value of weight growth (5,46 g), daily weight growth (0,121 g/day), length growth (5,37 cm), daily length growth (0,119 cm/day), and survival rate of 97%.

THE EFFECT OF IMMERSION OF MANGROVE Avicennia alba (Tomlinson, 1986) LEAF EXTRACT WITH DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS IN PREVENTING BACTERIAL DISEASE Vibrio harveyi (Johnson & Shunk, 1936) IN VANAME SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei) (Boone, 1931)

Vibriosis is a disease that often attack shrimp culture, some of the most dangerous types of Vibrio bacteria are V. harveyi. The use of natural materials is an alternative that can be applied to prevent bacterial disease. One of the mangrove species that has an antibacterial compound is A. alba. A. alba has alkaloid, saponins, and flavonoids compounds that can inhibit the function of cytoplasmic membranes and energy metabolism in bacteria. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of A. alba leaf extract A. alba in inhibiting V. harveyi disease in vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). This research was conducted in several stages, namely extraction of mangrove leaves, both in vivo and in vitro. The highest SR, RPS and MTD values were obtamed at a concentration of 250 mg/l with each value of 80 %, 60 %, 75th respectively hour. Mangrove leaf extract A. alba was able to prevent diseases caused by the bacteria V. harveyi, with the best results at an extract concentration of 250 mg/l where the concentration can significantly higher SR, RPS, and MTD compared to other treatments.

THE EFFECT OF PHYTASE ENZYMES ADDITION ON ARTIFICIAL FEED ON HOVEN’S CARP GROWTH, Leptobarbus hoevenii (Bleeker, 1851)

Hoven’s carp is a freshwater fish found in Indonesian. This study aims to study the effect of the addition of phytase enzymes with different doses on commercial feed on the growth rate of hoven’s carp and determine the dose of the phytase enzyme that is best for the growth of sooty fish. This research was conducted for 70 days at the Fisheries Cultivation Laboratory, Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. This study used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications. Treatment A without the administration of phytase enzymes, B giving phytase enzymes 250 mg/kg of feed, C giving phytase enzymes 500 mg/kg feed, D giving phytase enzymes 750 mg/kg of feed. The parameters observed were absolute length growth, absolute weight growth, daily growth rate, SR, FCR, and protein retention. The results showed that the administration of phytase enzymes had an effect on fish growth with a dose of phytase enzyme 750 mg/kg of feed showing good results.

DETERMINATION OF CELL TYPE AND HAEMOCYTE MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA FRESHWATER CRAYFISH (Cherax cainii) AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES IN VITRO

The purpose of this study was to identify and morphologically characterize the hemocyte cell types of freshwater crayfish, Cherax cainii. In addition to morphological observations using a light microscope (LM) and electron transmission microscope (TEM), a flow cytometer (FCM) is also used. Three main types of haemocyte of C. cainii were identified by LM, TEM, and FCM. Determination of haemocyte by LM based on the number, size of cytoplasmic granules and the ratio of N:C. These cells are Hyaline (HC), Small Granule (SGC), and Large Granule (LGC) cells. Three types of haemocyte were also observed by TEM based on cell and nucleus size, granule diameter, number of cytoplasmic granules per cell and N:C. Haemocyte population was successfully detected with FCM based on forward scatter (FSC) signals, versus side scattering signals/side scatter (SSC), with plot data via scatter parameter gating. Three cluster formations were observed, which were temporarily classified as SGC, LGC, and HC regions. Morphometric analysis was performed with TEM on C. cainii haemocyte to measure various cellular features. Some morphological features vary between types of haemocyte and are also affected by temperature. Total hemocyte count (THC) and differential hemocyte count (DHC) are calculated using FCM. THC increases with higher temperatures, from 1,9 x 106 /ml at 20 °C to 4.9 x 106 /ml at 30 °C. The most abundant hemocyte at all temperatures is HC, followed by SGC and LGC.