An Analytical Study of Ideally Inherent Operative Transformation of the Original Mental Process in Edmund Husserl’s Phenomenology

This research paper entitled “An Analytical Study of Ideally inherent Operative Transformations of the Original Mental Process in Edmund Husserl’s Phenomenology” has three objectives: 1) to study the mental process of reflection and modification in which that mind is directed towards the intended object including the mental objects regarding Western philosophical thought, Edmund Husserl, 2) to study of the way to operative transformation of original mental process and, 3) to analyze various forms of transformed reproduction and a problem of the reproduction. It is found that the transformation of the original mental process in Edmund Husserl’s phenomenology is the ideally inherent process of reproduction of mental process in which the mental process passed through the modificative process together with its contents so as to produce a novel knowledge. The transformative process as such is systematically operated with main following aspects: (1) The mode of giveness (the immanent essence of a concrete sensation-content such as a visual sensation-content in the field of visual sensation-Data that is continually adumbrated from the visual physical objects), (2) the temporal mental processes are to be unified as one stream of mental process, (3) the phase or the temporal horizon which is cosmic time in other ways such as horizon of Now, horizon of Before, and horizon of After, and (4) pure ego, the function of which is to direct its regards to the temporal modes of giveness (immanent essences). By its transformative operation, it is effectively proceeded with three steps. The first is a step of a physical perception of the mental process in which the perceived physical things is used as an essential content for all mental process as they are kept in a memory. The second step is succeeded from the first step which is called a retention or a primary memory; the process of a modification using the immanent object kept in a retention as the initial part of the constitution of an identical object. Then, comes the third step which is the step of a recollection or a second memory; it is to recall the remembered or represented for the perception again. After the whole process has fully accomplished, the remembered or represented is afresh reproduced. However, the reproduction of the remembered or the represented can emerge with two possibilities; one is the vague-reproduced information as without repeating while looking at the reproduced flash; other is afresh one as it is repeated resulting in further perception. However, the reproduction of the remembered can be accurate and perfect depending on two conditions; one is the condition of the perception of physical things and the condition of either clarity or obscurity of the whole object that is re-presented with the mode of mental process.

Spectacle and Sensation in The Octoroon/An Octoroon

Dion Boucicault's 1859 sensation melodrama The Octoroon; or, Life in Louisiana attracted audiences with emotionally charged situations, such as a slave auction, combined with the visual sensation of a realistic depiction of a scene of spectacular danger, the onstage burning of a steamboat. Branden Jacobs-Jenkins' 2014 adaptation called An Octoroon, while departing significantly from Boucicault's approach to visual storytelling, also uses a visual sensation to create an emotional impact. Jacobs-Jenkins invites an audience to enjoy Boucicault's storytelling, revisiting a melodrama now rarely revived, while simultaneously inviting them to engage with and critique the troubling racial stereotypes of the original.

BATIK TULIS PADANG LAMUN (PADANG LAMUN SEBAGAI SUMBER IDE PERANCANGAN BATIK TULIS UNTUK SELENDANG SUTRA)

Seagrass bads is a variety of flora that lives on the sea coast. The objective of this project is to produce a new visual alternative for silk batik scarfs by visualizing Seagrasses bads which live under water; its illusion of motion, dimensions, and biodiversity. This research use design method consist of exploration process, extraction, and termination are described in four operational steps i.e. analysis, concept, visualization, and prototypes. The design is directed at new creative batik for premium products. The result was a silk batik scarfs made by Lorodan batik technique which was able to produce illusory effects and layered images which would offer a new visual sensation, differentiation, and novelty. Keywords: Seagrass Bads, batik tulis, silk scarf Padang Lamun merupakan keanekaragaman flora yang hidup di pesisir laut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memberikan alternatif visual baru desain batik tulis untuk selendang sutra dengan mengolah visual Padang Lamun yang hidup terendam air, ilusi gerak, dimensi, dan ragam biota. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan desain yang terdiri atas proses eksplorasi, ekstraksi, dan titik terminasi yang dijabarkan dalam empat langkah operasional, yakni analisis, konsep, visualisasi, dan tes produk. Desain diarahkan pada batik kreasi baru untuk produk premium. Hasilnya berupa desain selendang sutra menggunakan teknik batik tulis Lorodan yang mampu menghasilkan efek ilusi dan bayangan, sehingga memberikan sensasi visual baru, diferensiasi, dan kebaharuan. Kata Kunci : Padang Lamun, batik tulis, selendang sutra

Discomfort Glare Evaluation using DIALux Lighting Simulation software and using developed Python Program model

Glare is a visual sensation caused by excessive brightness. It is subjective and person dependent. So, it is very difficult to measure glare factor accurately. Glare can be disabling or uncomfortable. Disability glare is the reduction in vision caused by bright light sources and it can be increased with the age of a person. Discomfort glare is a sensation of irritation due to bright light sources. There are various methods to evaluate discomfort glare. These methods are discussed in this paper. This paper mainly focuses on two methods of discomfort glare evaluation; Unified Glare Rating (UGR) and Daylight Glare Probability (DGP). These glare factors are calculated by using DIALux lighting simulation software and by using developed program. The experimentation was carried out in two different spaces; Conference room and Optoelectronics laboratory. The values of UGR, daylight factor are calculated by using DIALux and developed program. The comparison of the results obtained is discussed at the end of this paper.

Soul, nature and immortality of the

For the Greeks, the soul is what gives life to the body. Plato thought of it as a thing separate from the body. A human living on earth consists of two parts, soul and body. The soul is the essential part of the human – what makes me me. It is the part to which the mental life of humans pertains – it is the soul which thinks and feels and chooses. Soul and body interact. Bodily states often cause soul states, and soul states often cause bodily states. This view is known as substance dualism. It normally includes the view that the soul is simple, that it does not have parts. If an object has parts, then one of those parts can have properties which another part does not. But for any experience that I have, an auditory or visual sensation or thought, it happens to the whole me. Plato also held that at death, soul and body are separated; the body decays while the soul departs to live another life. Aristotle, by contrast, thought of the soul simply as a ‘form’, that is, as a way of behaving and thinking; a human having a soul just is the human behaving (by moving parts of the body) and thinking in certain characteristic human ways. And just as there cannot be a dance without people dancing, so there cannot be ways of behaving without embodied humans to behave in those ways. Hence, for Aristotle, the soul does not exist without the body. Christian theology, believing in life after death, found it natural to take over Plato’s conception of the soul. But in the thirteenth century, St Thomas Aquinas sought to develop an Aristotelian conception modified to accommodate Christian doctrine. The soul, Aquinas taught, was indeed a form, but a special kind of form, one which could temporarily exist without the body to which it was naturally fitted. It has always been difficult to articulate this view in a coherent way which makes it distinct from Plato’s. Descartes restated Plato’s view. In more modern times, the view that humans have souls has always been understood as the view that humans have an essential part, separable from the body, as depicted by Plato and Aquinas. The pure Aristotelian view has more normally been expressed as the view that humans do not have souls; humans consist of matter alone, though it may be organized in a very complicated way and have properties that inanimate things do not have. In other words, Aristotelianism is a kind of materialism. If, however, one thinks of the soul as a thing separable from the body, it could still cease to exist at death, when the body ceases to function. Plato had a number of arguments designed to show that the soul is naturally immortal; in virtue of its own nature, because of what it is, it will continue to exist forever. Later philosophers have developed some of these arguments and produced others. Even if these arguments do not show it (and most philosophers think that they do not), the soul may still be naturally immortal; or it may be immortal because God or some other force keeps it in being forever, either by itself or joined to a new body. If there is an omnipotent God, he could keep it in existence forever; and he might have revealed to us that he is going to do so.